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P1 Center Electron Spin Clusters Are Prevalent in Type Ib Diamonds
Santiago Bussandri1, Daphna Shimon2, Asif Equbal3,4
1Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States.
Journal of the American Chemical Society
|December 19, 2023
Summary
Clustered P1 centers in diamonds exhibit exchange coupling, impacting quantum sensing. Room-temperature 13C DNP at high fields can evaluate and control these diamond defects.
Area of Science:
- Diamond-based quantum technologies
- Quantum sensing and metrology
- Defect characterization in solids
Background:
- P1 centers are crucial for diamond quantum devices, influencing polarization sources for dynamic nuclear polarization (DNP) and nitrogen vacancy (NV) center relaxation.
- The spatial distribution of P1 centers directly correlates with NV center distribution, as NV centers are formed from P1 centers.
- Understanding P1 center distribution is key to optimizing diamond sensors and quantum information applications.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the spatial distribution and coupling of P1 centers in diamond.
- To reveal the impact of clustered P1 centers on overall P1 populations and magnetic noise.
- To establish room-temperature 13C DNP at high fields as a method for evaluating diamond defects.
Main Methods:
- Dynamic Nuclear Polarization (DNP) and pulsed electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) techniques were employed.
- High magnetic field EPR and DNP characterization were used to resolve electron-electron (e-e) coupling strengths.
- A two-frequency pump-probe pulsed electron double resonance technique was utilized to probe interactions between P1 center populations.
Main Results:
- A significant population of P1 centers was found to be strongly clustered, exhibiting exchange coupling and asymmetric EPR line shapes.
- The 13C DNP frequency profile indicated P1 clusters with e-e coupling strengths exceeding the 13C nuclear Larmor frequency.
- Cross-talk between isolated and clustered P1 centers was observed, demonstrating that clustered P1 centers influence all P1 populations.
Conclusions:
- Direct observation of clustered P1 centers provides crucial insights into magnetic noise sources in diamond quantum applications.
- The findings enable the design of improved diamond-based polarizing agents for enhanced DNP efficiency.
- Room-temperature 13C DNP at high fields offers a powerful, accessible tool for evaluating and controlling diamond defects.
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