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Related Concept Videos

Pulmonary Tuberculosis I01:29

Pulmonary Tuberculosis I

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Tuberculosis, often called TB, is a contagious illness primarily caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. It mainly affects the lung parenchyma but can also impact other body parts.
Causative Organism
The primary infectious agent causing tuberculosis is Mycobacterium tuberculosis, a slow-growing, acid-fast, aerobic rod that exhibits sensitivity to heat and ultraviolet light. Instances of Mycobacterium bovis and Mycobacterium avium contributing to the development of TB infection are rare.
Mode of...
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Nucleotide Excision Repair01:38

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DNA Distortion and Damage
Cells are regularly exposed to mutagens—factors in the environment that can damage DNA and generate mutations. UV radiation is one of the most common mutagens and is estimated to introduce a significant number of changes in DNA. These include bends or kinks in the structure, which can block DNA replication or transcription. If these errors are not fixed, the damage can cause mutations, which in turn can result in cancer or disease depending on which sequences are...
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Base Excision Repair01:54

Base Excision Repair

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One of the common DNA damages is the chemical alteration of single bases by alkylation, oxidation, or deamination. The altered bases cause mispairing and strand breakage during replication. This type of damage causes minimal change to the DNA double helix structure and can be repaired by the base excision repair (BER) pathways. BER corrects damaged DNA sequences by removing the damaged base and restoring the original base sequence using the complementary strand as a template.
The first step of...
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DNA Damage can Stall the Cell Cycle02:37

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In response to DNA damage, cells can pause the cell cycle to assess and repair the breaks. However, the cell must check the DNA at certain critical stages during the cell cycle. If the cell cycle pauses before DNA replication, the cells will contain twice the amount of DNA. On the other hand, if cells arrest after DNA replication but before mitosis, they will contain four times the normal amount of DNA. With a host of specialized proteins at their disposal,cells must use the right protein at...
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Fixing Double-strand Breaks02:04

Fixing Double-strand Breaks

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The double-stranded structure of DNA has two major advantages. First, it serves as a safe repository of genetic information where one strand serves as the back-up in case the other strand is damaged. Second, the double-helical structure can be wrapped around proteins called histones to form nucleosomes, which can then be tightly wound to form chromosomes. This way, DNA chains up to 2 inches long can be contained within microscopic structures in a cell. A double-stranded break not only damages...
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Overview of DNA Repair02:25

Overview of DNA Repair

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In order to be passed through generations, genomic DNA must be undamaged and error-free. However, every day, DNA in a cell undergoes several thousand to a million damaging events by natural causes and external factors. Ionizing radiation such as UV rays, free radicals produced during cellular respiration, and hydrolytic damage from metabolic reactions can alter the structure of DNA. Damages caused include single-base alteration, base dimerization, chain breaks, and cross-linkage.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 8, 2025

Characterizing DNA Repair Processes at Transient and Long-lasting Double-strand DNA Breaks by Immunofluorescence Microscopy
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Characterizing DNA Repair Processes at Transient and Long-lasting Double-strand DNA Breaks by Immunofluorescence Microscopy

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TB impairs DNA repair.

Annalisa M VanHook1

  • 1Science Signaling, AAAS, Washington, DC 20005, USA.

Science Signaling
|December 19, 2023
PubMed
Summary

A Mycobacterium tuberculosis virulence factor drives foam cell formation by blocking essential DNA repair mechanisms. This discovery sheds light on tuberculosis pathogenesis and potential therapeutic targets.

Area of Science:

  • Microbiology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Immunology

Background:

  • Tuberculosis (TB) remains a global health challenge, caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb).
  • Foam cell formation is a hallmark of atherosclerotic lesions and is implicated in TB pathogenesis.
  • The molecular mechanisms linking Mtb infection to host lipid metabolism and foam cell formation are not fully understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the role of a specific Mycobacterium tuberculosis virulence factor in promoting foam cell formation.
  • To elucidate the molecular mechanisms by which this virulence factor influences host cell processes, specifically DNA repair.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized cell culture models with human macrophages exposed to Mtb.
  • Employed molecular biology techniques including gene silencing and overexpression to study the virulence factor.

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Visualization of DNA Repair Proteins Interaction by Immunofluorescence
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Visualizing and Quantifying Endonuclease-Based Site-Specific DNA Damage

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Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jul 8, 2025

Characterizing DNA Repair Processes at Transient and Long-lasting Double-strand DNA Breaks by Immunofluorescence Microscopy
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  • Assessed foam cell formation using lipid staining and quantified DNA damage and repair markers.

    • Main Results:

    • Identified a Mtb virulence factor that significantly enhances lipid accumulation in macrophages, leading to foam cell formation.
    • Demonstrated that this virulence factor directly inhibits key DNA repair pathways within host cells.
    • Showed a correlation between impaired DNA repair and increased susceptibility to Mtb infection.

    Conclusions:

    • A specific Mycobacterium tuberculosis virulence factor actively promotes foam cell formation by disrupting host cell DNA repair.
    • Inhibition of DNA repair represents a novel mechanism by which Mtb manipulates host cell metabolism and contributes to disease progression.
    • Targeting this virulence factor or the DNA repair pathway could offer new strategies for TB treatment.