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Regulation of Expression at Multiple Steps01:23

Regulation of Expression at Multiple Steps

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The gene expression in cells is regulated at different stages: (i) transcription, (ii) RNA processing, (iii) RNA localization, and (iv) translation. Transcriptional regulation is mediated by regulatory proteins such as transcription factors, activators, or repressors—these control gene expression by initiating or inhibiting the transcription of genes. Once a precursor or pre-mRNA is produced, it undergoes post-transcriptional modification, including 5' capping, splicing, and the...
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Gene expression can be regulated at almost every step from gene to protein. Transcription is the step that is most commonly regulated. This involves the binding of proteins to short regulatory sequences on the DNA. This association can either promote or inhibit the transcription of a gene associated with the respective sequence.
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In eukaryotic cells, nascent mRNA transcripts need to undergo many post-transcriptional modifications to reach the cell cytoplasm and translate into functional proteins. For a long time, transcription and pre-mRNA processing were considered two independent events that occur sequentially in the cell. However, it has now been well established that transcription and pre-mRNA processing are two simultaneous processes that are precisely regulated inside the cell.
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MS2-Affinity Purification Coupled with RNA Sequencing in Gram-Positive Bacteria
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CsrA selectively modulates sRNA-mRNA regulator outcomes.

Alejandra Matsuri Rojano-Nisimura1, Trevor R Simmons2, Abigail N Leistra2

  • 1Biochemistry Graduate Program, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, United States.

Frontiers in Molecular Biosciences
|December 20, 2023
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The Carbon Storage Regulator A (CsrA) protein interacts with more small RNAs (sRNAs), influencing bacterial gene expression and cellular responses. This study reveals new sRNA-CsrA interactions impacting metabolic control and stress adaptation.

Keywords:
CsrA/RsmAPosttranscriptional regulationRNA-protein interactionssRNA (small RNA)sRNA regulatory network

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Area of Science:

  • Microbiology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Bacterial Physiology

Background:

  • Post-transcriptional regulation by small RNAs (sRNAs) and the Carbon Storage Regulator A (CsrA) protein are crucial for bacterial metabolic control and stress responses.
  • CsrA influences sRNA-mRNA networks and cross-talk with other stress-response regulators.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To identify novel interactions between CsrA and sRNAs.
  • To investigate the regulatory effects of these sRNA-CsrA interactions on bacterial physiology.

Main Methods:

  • In vitro binding assays to confirm CsrA-sRNA interactions.
  • In vivo studies to validate interactions and assess regulatory impacts on mRNA targets.

Main Results:

  • Ten novel CsrA-sRNA interactions were confirmed in vitro, with five (McaS, FnrS, SgrS, MicL, Spot42) validated in vivo.
  • CsrA binding impacts the downstream regulation of sRNA mRNA targets, including enhanced repression of McaS-csgD and CsrA-dependent repression of fucP mRNA via Spot42.
  • SgrS and FnrS were identified as potential new sRNA sponges for CsrA.

Conclusions:

  • The Csr system's impact on cellular physiology is expanded through CsrA's influence on the regulatory roles of multiple sRNAs.
  • This work deepens the understanding of post-transcriptional regulatory networks in bacteria.