New anti-aging strategies: a narrative review

The objective of anti-aging medicine is to decelerate the aging process and mitigate its associated effects, such as susceptibility to cancer, diabetes, and cardiovascular and neurodegenerative diseases. This review provides an overview of the latest advancements in this field, considering both pharmaceutical and non-pharmaceutical approaches. Electronic literature search involved three databases: MEDLINE, Cochrane, and Google Scholar, supplemented by other available literature. Strategies for delaying aging and related diseases comprise pharmaceutical interventions and lifestyle choices. It is crucial for these strategies to be substantiated by research-based evidence. Lifestyle options include fasting, fasting-mimicking, and ketogenic diets. Anti-aging drugs and supplements operate through diverse mechanisms. Calorie restriction mimetics include the activator of AMP-activated protein kinase (metformin) and inhibitor of mTOR (rapamycin), alongside rilmenidine, exhibiting both effects. Rosmarinic acid, a natural product, functions through its anti-glycation properties. Age-related protein crosslinks are acknowledged as a causative factor in age-related diseases. Anti-aging medicine is an evolving field with a multitude of drugs and strategies, necessitating further clinical studies and long-term follow-up based on clinical experience and insights gained from delayed adverse events.