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Genitourinary Syndrome of Menopause: Prevalence and Predictors
Nancy F Woods1, Joan F Shaver2, Judith A Berg2
1University of Washington School of Nursing, Seattle, Washington.
Clinical Obstetrics and Gynecology
|December 21, 2023
Summary
Genitourinary syndrome of menopause (GSM) encompasses diverse symptoms and varying prevalence. Further research is needed to refine diagnostic criteria and understand contributing factors like aging and hormones.
Area of Science:
- Reproductive Medicine
- Women's Health
- Menopause Studies
Background:
- Genitourinary syndrome of menopause (GSM) is a proposed clinical diagnosis.
- It involves a range of vulvar and vaginal atrophy symptoms.
- Understanding its scope and prevalence is crucial for women's health.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review evidence on GSM symptoms and clusters.
- To assess the prevalence of GSM and associated factors.
- To identify future research directions for GSM.
Main Methods:
- Systematic review of existing literature on GSM.
- Analysis of studies reporting prevalence, associated factors, and symptom variations.
- Identification of research gaps and recommendations for future studies.
Main Results:
- Prevalence estimates for GSM vary widely due to differences in study populations, designs, and data collection methods.
- Key associated factors include age, reproductive aging stage, estrogen levels, and cultural/linguistic influences.
- A broad spectrum of symptoms and symptom clusters characterize GSM.
Conclusions:
- Further research is recommended to refine diagnostic criteria for GSM.
- Clarification of urinary symptoms within GSM is needed.
- Longitudinal studies, validated measures, and bias assessment are essential for advancing GSM evidence.
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