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    Xanthogranulomatous endometritis (XGE) is a rare, benign condition that can resemble endometrial cancer. Early diagnosis via hysteroscopy and biopsy is crucial for appropriate management of this uncommon inflammatory disease.

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    Area of Science:

    • Gynecology
    • Pathology

    Background:

    • Xanthogranulomatous endometritis (XGE) is an uncommon, benign inflammatory condition.
    • It frequently mimics endometrial cancer, particularly in postmenopausal women.
    • Clinical presentations often include hematometra or pyometra.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To report a case of XGE presenting as pyometra in a 73-year-old woman.
    • To highlight the importance of diagnostic hysteroscopy and endometrial biopsy for accurate diagnosis of XGE.
    • To emphasize the need for awareness of this rare condition among clinicians.

    Main Methods:

    • Case report of a 73-year-old female patient.
    • Diagnostic hysteroscopy with endometrial sampling for histological examination.
    • Clinical and pathological review of the case.

    Main Results:

    • The patient presented with pyometra, a common clinical manifestation of XGE in postmenopausal women.
    • Histological examination confirmed Xanthogranulomatous endometritis.
    • While benign, complications like chronic active inflammation and infection may necessitate hysterectomy.

    Conclusions:

    • Xanthogranulomatous endometritis is an uncommon condition that requires a high index of suspicion.
    • Diagnostic hysteroscopy and endometrial biopsy are essential for differentiating XGE from endometrial cancer.
    • Awareness of XGE is critical for appropriate patient management and to avoid unnecessary aggressive treatments.