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Related Concept Videos

The Nitrogen Cycle01:49

The Nitrogen Cycle

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Nitrogen atoms, present in all proteins and DNA, are recycled between abiotic and biotic components of the ecosystem. However, the primary form of nitrogen on Earth is nitrogen gas, which cannot be used by most animals and plants. Thus, nitrogen gas must first be converted into a usable form by nitrogen-fixing bacteria before it can be cycled through other living organisms. The use of nitrogen-containing fertilizers and animal waste products in human agriculture has greatly influenced the...
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Overview of Nitrogen Metabolism01:20

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Nitrogen is a very important element for life because it is a major constituent of proteins and nucleic acids. It is a macronutrient, and in nature, it is recycled from organic compounds and stored in the form of  ammonia, ammonium ions, nitrate, nitrite, or  nitrogen gas by many metabolic processes. Many of these metabolic processes are carried out only by prokaryotes.
The largest pool of nitrogen available in the terrestrial ecosystem is gaseous nitrogen (N2) from the air, but this...
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Bioremediation00:46

Bioremediation

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Bioremediation is the use of prokaryotes, fungi, or plants to remove pollutants from the environment. This process has been used to remove harmful toxins in groundwater as a byproduct of agricultural run-off and also to clean up oil spills.
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Primary Production01:06

Primary Production

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The total amount of energy acquired by primary producers in an ecosystem is called gross primary production (GPP). However, of this energy, producers use some for metabolic processes, and some is lost as heat, decreasing the amount of energy available to the next trophic level. The remaining usable amount of energy is called the net primary productivity (NPP). In terrestrial ecosystems, NPP is driven by climate, while light penetration and nutrient availability drive NPP in aquatic ecosystems.
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Physiological Control of Respiration01:23

Physiological Control of Respiration

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Introduction
Breathing, a seemingly passive process, is regulated by the respiratory center in the brainstem. This center coordinates the involuntary control of respirations, which means it occurs without conscious effort, ensuring a smooth and uninterrupted pattern.
Regulation of Ventilation
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2° Amines to N-Nitrosamines: Reaction with NaNO201:20

2° Amines to N-Nitrosamines: Reaction with NaNO2

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Secondary amines react with nitrous acid to form N-nitrosamines, as depicted in Figure 1. Nitrous acid, a weak and unstable acid, is formed in situ from an aqueous solution of sodium nitrite and strong acids, such as hydrochloric acid or sulfuric acid, in cold conditions. In the presence of an acid, the nitrous acid gets protonated. The subsequent loss of water results in the formation of the electrophile known as nitrosonium ion.
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Author Spotlight: Understanding Riverine Nitrogen Impacts and Primary Productivity for Effective Nutrient Management
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Author Spotlight: Understanding Riverine Nitrogen Impacts and Primary Productivity for Effective Nutrient Management

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Atmospheric Nitrogen Pollution Control Benefits the Coastal Environment.

Ouping Deng1,2, Shuai Huang1, Chen Wang2

  • 1College of Resources, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China.

Environmental Science & Technology
|December 22, 2023
PubMed
Summary

China transfers 8 million tonnes of nitrogen to the ocean annually, primarily from agriculture and sewage. Reducing air pollution, especially ammonia and nitrogen oxide emissions, is key to mitigating ocean pollution.

Keywords:
abatement measuresatmospheric depositioncoastal environmentnitrogenrunoff

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Area of Science:

  • Environmental Science
  • Oceanography
  • Biogeochemistry

Background:

  • Nitrogen is a critical limiting nutrient in marine ecosystems.
  • Terrestrial nitrogen inputs to the ocean have increased significantly since preindustrial times.
  • China is a major contributor to global nitrogen cycling, but pathways and sources of land-ocean transport are not well understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To quantify nitrogen transfer from China to the ocean.
  • To identify major sources and pathways of nitrogen transport.
  • To evaluate potential mitigation strategies for reducing ocean nitrogen pollution.

Main Methods:

  • Integrated modeling approach combining CHANS, WRF-Chem, and WNF models.
  • Estimation of nitrogen transfer to the ocean in 2017.
  • Analysis of atmospheric deposition's impact on offshore chlorophyll concentration.
  • Identification of key contributing sectors and regions.

Main Results:

  • Estimated 8 million tonnes (Tg) of nitrogen transferred to the ocean from China in 2017.
  • Atmospheric deposition accounted for one-third of the total nitrogen input and explained about half of the variation in offshore chlorophyll concentration.
  • The Bohai Sea exhibited the highest nitrogen input (214 kg N ha⁻¹), significantly exceeding other areas.
  • Agricultural systems (55%) and domestic sewage (21%) were the largest contributors to nitrogen export.

Conclusions:

  • Mitigation measures can reduce nitrogen export to the ocean by 43%.
  • Addressing air pollution by reducing ammonia and nitrogen oxide emissions is crucial for ocean protection, contributing 33% to the potential reduction.
  • Prioritizing nitrogen reduction in agricultural and transport sectors offers the most cost-effective benefits for the marine environment.