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Subconcussion revealed by sound processing in the brain.

Nina Kraus1,2,3, Danielle Colegrove4, Rembrandt Otto-Meyer1

  • 1Department of Communication Science and Disorders, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA.

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|December 22, 2023
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Summary

Objective auditory processing, measured by frequency-following response (FFR), can detect subconcussive head trauma in athletes. This objective marker reveals brain sensory processing changes even without a formal concussion diagnosis.

Keywords:
Auditory processingCollegiate athleticsConcussionContact sportsFrequency-following responseSubconcussion

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Auditory Neuroscience
  • Sports Medicine

Background:

  • Concussions are a significant concern in contact sports, but less is understood about the effects of subconcussive impacts.
  • Objective measures are needed to identify head trauma that does not meet clinical concussion criteria.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To test if an objective measure of auditory processing, the frequency-following response (FFR), can reveal a history of head trauma not meeting concussion definitions.
  • To investigate FFR differences between contact and noncontact collegiate athletes.

Main Methods:

  • Evaluated 709 NCAA Division I student-athletes across 19 sports using FFR to speech stimuli.
  • Classified athletes into "contact" and "noncontact" groups based on sport.
  • Critically examined the amplitude of FFR activity in the fundamental frequency (F0) band.

Main Results:

  • Found lower FFR-F0 amplitude in contact athletes compared to noncontact athletes.
  • Observed higher FFR-F0 amplitude in females than males.
  • Identified a significant interaction effect, with males in contact sports showing the smallest FFR-F0.

Conclusions:

  • Disruptions in auditory sensory processing are detectable in athletes with regular physical contact, even without a concussion.
  • FFR represents an objective biomarker for subconcussive head trauma in athletes.
  • Findings highlight the potential for FFR to monitor cumulative head impact effects.