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Hearing01:31

Hearing

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When we hear a sound, our nervous system is detecting sound waves—pressure waves of mechanical energy traveling through a medium. The frequency of the wave is perceived as pitch, while the amplitude is perceived as loudness.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 19, 2025

A Neuroscientific Approach to the Examination of Concussions in Student-Athletes
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A Neuroscientific Approach to the Examination of Concussions in Student-Athletes

Published on: December 8, 2014

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Persistent post-concussion symptoms include neural auditory processing in young children.

Silvia Bonacina1,2, Jennifer Krizman1,2, Jacob Farley3

  • 1Auditory Neuroscience Laboratory, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA.

Concussion (London, England)
|July 26, 2024
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Concussions impair auditory processing, specifically affecting pitch and phonetic cues crucial for speech comprehension. Children with concussion showed poorer encoding of fundamental frequency (F0) and first formant (F1).

Keywords:
auditory processingfrequency encodingfrequency-following responsepost-concussion symptomsrecovery time

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Audiology
  • Speech-Language Pathology

Background:

  • Difficulty understanding speech after concussion is linked to auditory processing deficits.
  • Concussion may disrupt the brain's ability to process essential sound cues like pitch and phonetics.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate how concussion impacts the encoding of pitch (fundamental frequency, F0) and phonetic (first formant, F1) information.
  • To determine if auditory processing impairments contribute to speech understanding difficulties post-concussion.

Main Methods:

  • Collected frequency following responses (FFRs) to speech syllables from 120 children with concussion and 120 controls.
  • Analyzed the neural encoding of F0 and F1 in both groups.

Main Results:

  • Children with concussion exhibited poorer encoding of F0 and F1 compared to controls.
  • Reduced F0 encoding was more pronounced in concussed children assessed within two weeks of injury.

Conclusions:

  • Concussion negatively affects auditory processing, specifically the neural encoding of pitch and phonetic cues.
  • Findings support the need for longitudinal studies to track auditory system recovery after concussion.