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Related Concept Videos

Obesity01:24

Obesity

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The Body Mass Index (BMI) is a numerical value derived from a person's weight and height, used to categorize individuals into weight ranges. It is calculated using the formula: weight in kilograms divided by height in meters squared. Obesity is a health condition characterized by excessive accumulation of adipose tissue that poses health risks, often diagnosed with a BMI ≥ 30. This excess fat storage occurs when surplus dietary calories are converted into triglycerides and stored in...
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Hypodermis01:02

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The hypodermis (the subcutaneous layer or superficial fascia) is present directly below the dermis. It connects the skin to the underlying fascia (fibrous tissue) of the bones and muscles. It is not strictly a part of the skin, although the border between the hypodermis and dermis can be difficult to distinguish. The hypodermis consists of well-vascularized, loose, areolar connective tissue and adipose tissue, which functions as a mode of fat storage and provides insulation and cushioning for...
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Exercise and Cardiovascular Response01:20

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Exercise significantly impacts cardiovascular response, which is crucial for understanding patient health and designing effective treatment plans.
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Overview of Lipid Metabolism01:24

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Lipid metabolism is a crucial process in the human body that involves the synthesis and degradation of lipids. This process is essential for energy production, cell membrane formation, and hormone production, among other functions.
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Cholesterol: Significance and Regulation01:29

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Although not a source of energy, cholesterol plays a significant role as a foundational structure for bile salts, steroid hormones, and vitamin D, as well as being a crucial component of plasma membranes. Approximately 15% of blood cholesterol is derived from our diet, with the remainder synthesized from acetyl CoA by the liver and intestines. Cholesterol is eliminated from the body through its conversion into bile salts, which are eventually discarded in the feces.
Considering cholesterol and...
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Carbohydrate Metabolism01:36

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Carbohydrates are polymers composed of molecules containing atoms of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen. One gram of carbohydrate can provide four kilo-calories of energy, which makes it the most efficient instant energy source.
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Updated: Jul 7, 2025

A Chronic High-Intensity Interval Training and Diet-Induced Obesity Model to Maximize Exercise Effort and Induce Physiologic Changes in Rats
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Adipose Tissue, Non-Communicable Diseases, and Physical Exercise: An Imperfect Triangle.

Francisco A Monsalve1, Fernando Delgado-López2, Barbra Fernández-Tapia3

  • 1Department of Basic Biomedical Science, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad de Talca, Talca 3465548, Chile.

International Journal of Molecular Sciences
|December 23, 2023
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Summary

Adipose tissue dysfunction drives obesity and related diseases. Exercise can reduce inflammation, while non-communicable diseases increase it, highlighting personalized approaches for obesity management.

Keywords:
adipocytokinesadipose tissuemolecular mechanismmyokinesobesityoverweighttreatments

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Area of Science:

  • Metabolic Physiology
  • Immunology
  • Endocrinology

Background:

  • Adipose tissue is crucial for energy homeostasis, endocrine, immunological, and neuromodulatory functions.
  • Dysfunctional adipose tissue secretes pro-inflammatory adipocytokines, contributing to metabolic diseases, cardiovascular issues, and cancer.
  • Obesity management often focuses on diet and exercise, but individual responses vary.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the pathophysiological mechanisms of obesity.
  • To examine the interplay between adipose tissue, exercise, and non-infectious diseases in maintaining body homeostasis.
  • To explore personalized diagnostic and treatment strategies for obesity.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of pathophysiological mechanisms of obesity.
  • Analysis of the roles of adipose tissue, exercise, and non-communicable diseases.
  • Discussion of diagnostic variables including molecular profiles, lifestyle, health conditions, and microbiome.

Main Results:

  • Exercise generally decreases pro-inflammatory markers.
  • Non-communicable diseases are associated with increased chronic inflammation.
  • Individual responses to exercise and disease interactions are heterogeneous.

Conclusions:

  • Obesity pathogenesis involves complex interactions between adipose tissue, lifestyle, and disease.
  • Personalized diagnosis considering molecular profiles, lifestyle, and microbiome is essential.
  • Omics approaches and precision medicine promise improved obesity diagnosis and treatment.