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Maritime Infrared Small Target Detection Based on the Appearance Stable Isotropy Measure in Heavy Sea Clutter

Fan Wang1,2, Weixian Qian1,2, Ye Qian1,2

  • 1School of Electronic and Optical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China.

Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)
|December 23, 2023
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Summary

This study introduces a new method for detecting small targets in infrared maritime images, even with heavy sea clutter. The appearance stable isotropy measure (ASIM) effectively distinguishes real targets from interference.

Keywords:
appearance stable isotropy measure (ASIM)gradient histogram equalization measure (GHEM)infrared small targetlocal optical flow consistency measure (LOFCM)

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Area of Science:

  • Computer Vision
  • Remote Sensing
  • Maritime Surveillance

Background:

  • Infrared small target detection is vital for maritime security.
  • Detecting small targets in heavy sea clutter is a significant challenge.
  • Existing methods struggle with substantial clutter interference.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To analyze spatial-temporal characteristics of small targets and sea clutter.
  • To propose a novel detection method, the appearance stable isotropy measure (ASIM).
  • To enhance the detection of real targets in challenging maritime environments.

Main Methods:

  • Top-Hat transformation for salient region extraction.
  • Preliminary thresholding for candidate target identification.
  • Gradient histogram equalization measure (GHEM) and local optical flow consistency measure (LOFCM) for feature extraction.
  • ASIM for fusing GHEM and LOFCM to enhance target detection.

Main Results:

  • The proposed ASIM method effectively distinguishes small targets from sea clutter.
  • GHEM evaluates target isotropy, and LOFCM assesses appearance stability.
  • The fusion characteristic ASIM enhances real targets.
  • Experimental results show superior performance over baseline methods.

Conclusions:

  • The ASIM-based method offers a robust solution for infrared small target detection in maritime clutter.
  • The combination of GHEM and LOFCM provides complementary information for improved accuracy.
  • The method demonstrates significant advantages in comprehensive performance for maritime security applications.