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Patterns of Carpel Structure, Development, and Evolution in Monocots.

Margarita V Remizowa1, Dmitry D Sokoloff1

  • 1Biological Faculty, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119234 Moscow, Russia.

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|December 23, 2023
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Heterochrony, or changes in developmental timing, influences plant evolution and crop yield. This study reveals that the earliest monocot ancestors had carpels with both ascidiate and plicate zones, exhibiting late peltation.

Keywords:
ascidiate zonecarpeldevelopmentevolutionflowerheterochronymonocotsontogenyplicate zoneprimordium

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Area of Science:

  • Evolutionary Developmental Biology
  • Plant Morphology
  • Angiosperm Phylogeny

Background:

  • Heterochrony, shifts in developmental timing, is crucial for understanding plant evolution and crop traits.
  • Carpels, the ovule-bearing structures defining angiospermy, exhibit diverse morphologies and developmental patterns.
  • Carpel development involves proximal ascidiate and distal plicate zones, with initiation patterns termed early or late peltation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate heterochronic shifts in carpel evolution within monocotyledons.
  • To determine the ancestral carpel structure and developmental pattern in monocots.
  • To correlate carpel developmental patterns with ovule position and fertility.

Main Methods:

  • Comparative analysis of carpel morphology and development across monocotyledonous species.
  • Phylogenetic reconstruction using both plastid and nuclear DNA data.
  • Examination of ontogenetic sequences for carpel zone initiation (peltation).

Main Results:

  • The common ancestor of monocots possessed carpels with both ascidiate and plicate zones.
  • Late peltation was inferred as the ancestral developmental pattern for monocot carpels, supported by both plastid and nuclear phylogenies.
  • Early peltation is associated with ovules in the ascidiate zone, while late peltation correlates with a fertile plicate zone in monocots.

Conclusions:

  • The ancestral monocot carpel featured both developmental zones and underwent late peltation.
  • Heterochronic shifts in carpel development have shaped monocot diversity.
  • Understanding carpel evolution provides insights into angiosperm diversification and reproductive strategies.