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Advancement in Understanding Diabetic Retinopathy: A Comprehensive Review
Sharad Chaurasia1, Archana R Thool2, Khizer K Ansari1
1Medicine and Surgery, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education and Research, Wardha, IND.
Cureus
|December 25, 2023
Summary
Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a growing global health issue. Effective management requires understanding its causes, risk factors, and current treatments to prevent vision loss.
Area of Science:
- Ophthalmology
- Endocrinology
- Public Health
Background:
- Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a leading cause of vision impairment in working-age adults, linked to increasing diabetes prevalence.
- DR poses significant economic and healthcare burdens globally.
- Understanding DR epidemiology and pathophysiology is crucial for public health strategies.
Purpose of the Study:
- To explore the global epidemiology and pathophysiology of diabetic retinopathy.
- To review risk factors, including glycemic control and diabetes duration.
- To discuss current screening and treatment strategies for DR.
Main Methods:
- Literature review of epidemiological data on diabetic retinopathy.
- Analysis of pathophysiological mechanisms of DR.
- Evaluation of current screening and treatment modalities for DR.
Main Results:
- Global prevalence of DR varies, influenced by systemic risk factors and diabetes management.
- Glycemic control and diabetes duration are key factors in DR development and progression.
- Current treatments like laser photocoagulation, vitreous surgery, and anti-VEGF therapy have limitations.
Conclusions:
- There is an urgent need for novel preventive and therapeutic strategies for diabetic retinopathy.
- Targeting cytokines and growth factors shows promise for future treatments.
- Glycemic control and managing systemic risk factors are vital for mitigating DR.
