Predictors of Picture Exchange Communication System (PECS) outcomes

Area of Science:

• Developmental Psychology
• Applied Behavior Analysis
• Speech-Language Pathology

Background:

• The Picture Exchange Communication System (PECS) is an effective intervention for individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD).
• Variability in PECS outcomes necessitates identifying predictive factors.
• Understanding predictors can refine interventions and manage expectations for families.

Purpose of the Study:

• To explore child characteristics and treatment variables that predict PECS outcomes.
• To explain variability in PECS effectiveness for individuals with ASD.

Main Methods:

• A total of 22 children and youth diagnosed with autism or related developmental disorders participated.
• Participants had below-average cognitive and adaptive abilities.
• A PECS intervention was implemented.

Main Results:

• Higher PECS phases (≥IIIb) were associated with higher mental age, verbal and nonverbal abilities, matching skills, and adaptive behavior.
• Stimulus generalization significantly influenced PECS outcomes.
• Child characteristics and treatment variables accurately predicted PECS outcomes.

Conclusions:

• Children with higher cognitive and adaptive skills are more likely to achieve higher PECS phases.
• Generalization training approaches are crucial for PECS success.
• Autism symptom severity and maladaptive behaviors did not significantly impact PECS outcomes.