Comprehensive review of solid tumor bone marrow metastasis

Area of Science:

• Oncology
• Hematology
• Pathology

Background:

• Bone marrow metastasis (BMM) from solid tumors involves malignant cells invading bone marrow.
• Delayed BMM identification leads to disseminated disease, hematological disorders, and anemia, posing life-threatening risks.
• Current understanding of BMM is limited, often based on case reports, leading to delayed diagnosis and ineffective treatment.

Purpose of the Study:

• To provide a comprehensive review of solid tumor bone marrow metastasis (BMM).
• To consolidate current knowledge on BMM epidemiology, molecular mechanisms, clinical diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis.
• To enhance clinical recognition and management of BMM.

Main Methods:

• Literature review of solid tumor bone marrow metastasis.
• Synthesis of information on epidemiology, molecular mechanisms, clinical presentation, diagnostic approaches, therapeutic strategies, and prognostic factors.
• Analysis of existing case reports and relevant studies.

Main Results:

• BMM is characterized by complex metastatic patterns and can rapidly progress to disseminated disease.
• Hematological disorders and microangiopathic hemolytic anemia are common manifestations.
• High mortality rates are associated with delayed diagnosis and ineffective treatment.

Conclusions:

• Improved clinical understanding of BMM is crucial for early detection and effective management.
• Further research is needed to elucidate the complex mechanisms and optimize treatment strategies for solid tumor BMM.
• This review aims to serve as a valuable resource for clinicians managing patients with BMM.