Palliative Care Consultation and Family-Centered Outcomes in Patients With Unplanned Intensive Care Unit Admissions

Context: Hospitalized patients who experience unplanned intensive care unit (ICU) admissions face significant challenges, and their family members have unique palliative care needs. Objectives: To identify predictors of palliative care consultation among hospitalized patients with unplanned ICU admissions and to examine the association between palliative care consultation and family outcomes. Methods: We conducted a prospective cohort study of patients with unplanned ICU admissions at two medical centers in Seattle, WA. This study was approved by the institutional review board at the University of Washington (STUDY00008182). Using multivariable logistic regression, we examined associations between patient characteristics and palliative care consultation. Family members completed surveys assessing psychological distress within 90 days of patient discharge. Adjusted ordinal probit or binary logistic regression models were used to identify associations between palliative care consultation and family symptoms of psychological distress. Results: In our cohort (n = 413 patients and 272 family members), palliative care was consulted for 24% of patients during hospitalization (n = 100), with the majority (93%) of these consultations occurring after ICU admission. Factors associated with palliative care consultation after ICU transfer included enrollment site (OR, 2.29; 95% CI: 1.17-4.50), Sequential Organ Failure Assessment score at ICU admission (OR, 1.12; 95% CI: 1.05-1.19), and reason for hospital admission (kidney dysfunction [OR, 7.02; 95% CI: 1.08-45.69]). There was no significant difference in family symptoms of depression or posttraumatic stress based on palliative care consultation status. Conclusions: For patients experiencing unplanned ICU admission, palliative care consultation often happened after transfer and was associated with illness severity, comorbid illness, and hospital site. Patient death was associated with family symptoms of psychological distress.