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Advances to diminish global newborn kernicterus mortality
Vinod K Bhutani1, Ramesh Vidavalur2,3, Ronald J Wong4
1Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatal and Developmental Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA. bhutani@stanford.edu.
Objective:
Initiatives, "Every Newborn Action Plans" and "Sustainable Developmental Goals," are profoundly shaping global infant mortality trends. Concurrently, professional organizations recommended curricula to prevent extreme hyperbilirubinemia (EHB) sequelae. Therefore we assessed if these efforts have successfully decreased EHB-related mortality over time.
Study Design:
We used the Global Burden of Diseases 2019 database to determine neonatal and infant mortality and the burden of kernicterus from 1990-2019.
Results:
Globally, kernicterus accounted for 2.8 million infant deaths and trended downwards significantly from 1990 to 2019. By 2019, kernicterus-related mortality was 4 and 293 per million livebirths in high (HICs) and low income countries (LICs), respectively. 82% of deaths occurred in LICs and lower-middle income-countries. Average declines of mortality rates were 6.2% and 3.0% for HICs and LICs, respectively.
Conclusions:
Kernicterus-related mortality has been effectively reduced to <5 per million in HICs. Skills and knowledge transfer can potentially transform frontline services to bridge discordant kernicteric outcomes worldwide.
