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Interleukin-33/serum stimulation-2 pathway: Regulatory mechanisms and emerging implications in immune and

Peng-Yi He1, Meng-Yao Wu2, Li-Yu Zheng2

  • 1Translational Medicine Research Center, Medical Innovation Research Division and Fourth Medical Center of the Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China; School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China.

Cytokine & Growth Factor Reviews
|December 28, 2023
PubMed

Interleukin (IL)- 33, a nuclear factor and pleiotropic cytokine of the IL-1 family, is gaining attention owing to its important role in chronic inflammatory and autoimmune diseases. This review extends our knowledge of the effects exerted by IL-33 on target cells by binding to its specific receptor serum stimulation-2 (ST2). Depending on the tissue context, IL-33 performs multiple functions encompassing host defence, immune response, initiation and amplification of inflammation, tissue repair, and homeostasis. The levels and activity of IL-33 in the body are controlled by complex IL-33-targeting regulatory pathways. The unique temporal and spatial expression patterns of IL-33 are associated with host homeostasis and the development of immune and inflammatory disorders. Therefore, understanding the origin, function, and processes of IL-33 under various conditions is crucial. This review summarises the regulatory mechanisms underlying the IL-33/ST2 signalling axis and its potential role and clinical significance in immune and inflammatory diseases, and discusses the current complex and conflicting findings related to IL-33 in host responses.

Keywords:
DiseasesImmune responseInterleukin-33Regulatory mechanismsSerum stimulation-2

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