Aging pattern of the brainstem based on volumetric measurement and optimized surface shape analysis

Area of Science:

• Neuroscience
• Anatomy
• Aging Research

Background:

• The brainstem is crucial for autonomic functions, sensory/motor transmission, and consciousness.
• Brainstem anatomical changes are potential biomarkers for aging and neurodegenerative diseases.
• Specific structural changes in the aging brainstem are not well understood.

Purpose of the Study:

• To investigate age- and sex-related structural differences in the brainstem.
• To analyze global and local brainstem measures in healthy adults.
• To identify specific brainstem regions affected by normal aging.

Main Methods:

• Structural magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was used.
• 187 healthy adults aged 18-70 years participated.
• Analysis included global volumes, local shape, surface area, and sex-by-age interactions.

Main Results:

• A significant negative age effect was found on medulla oblongata and midbrain volumes.
• Atrophy was observed in the pyramid, cerebral peduncle, and colliculi.
• A trend towards flattening was noted in the aging brainstem's surface area and shape.
• No significant sex differences or sex-by-age interactions were detected.

Conclusions:

• Normal aging is associated with reduced brainstem volume and specific regional atrophy.
• The aging brainstem shows a trend towards flattening.
• Findings provide a baseline for understanding brain aging and neurodegeneration.