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Necrosensor: a genetically encoded fluorescent sensor for visualizing necrosis in Drosophila.

Hiroshi Nishida1,2, Antonio Bolea Albero3, Kenta Onoue4

  • 1Division of Cell Physiology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe University, Kobe, 650-0017, Japan.

Biology Open
|December 29, 2023
PubMed
Summary

Researchers developed Necrosensor, a fluorescent tool to detect necrosis in real-time within living organisms. This breakthrough aids in studying programmed necrosis (necroptosis) and identifying new physiological cell death processes.

Keywords:
DrosophilaIn vivoCell deathNecrosisNecrosis sensor

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Area of Science:

  • Cell Biology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Developmental Biology

Background:

  • Necrosis was historically viewed as a passive cell death process. Recent discoveries of programmed necrosis (necroptosis) highlight its active regulation.
  • Detecting necrosis in vivo has been difficult due to the absence of specific genetic biosensors, unlike those available for apoptosis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a genetically encoded fluorescent sensor for reliable in vivo detection of necrosis.
  • To utilize this sensor to investigate physiological necrosis during development and in response to stress.

Main Methods:

  • Development of Necrosensor, a genetically encoded fluorescent sensor in Drosophila.
  • Necrosensor utilizes High Mobility Group Box 1 (HMGB1), a damage-associated molecular pattern (DAMP), released during necrosis.
  • Application of Necrosensor in various tissues under different stress conditions and during physiological processes like spermatogenesis.

Main Results:

  • Necrosensor successfully detected necrosis induced by diverse stresses in multiple Drosophila tissues, in both live and fixed samples.
  • The sensor identified physiological necrosis during spermatogenesis.
  • A previously unknown physiological necrosis of hemocyte progenitors in the hematopoietic lymph gland was discovered using Necrosensor.

Conclusions:

  • Necrosensor provides a novel transgenic system for real-time, in vivo detection of necrosis without invasive procedures.
  • This tool facilitates the study of programmed necrosis and the discovery of new physiological cell death events.
  • The findings advance our understanding of necrosis as a regulated biological process.