Interactions between MPs and PFASs in aquatic environments: A dual-character situation
Peiying Kang1, Yaqian Zhao2, Ting Wei3
1State Key Laboratory of Eco-Hydraulics in Northwest Arid Region, Xi'an University of Technology, Xi'an, 710048, PR China; Department of Municipal and Environmental Engineering, School of Water Resources and Hydroelectric Engineering, Xi'an University of Technology, Xi'an, 710048, PR China; Department of Civil, Structural and Environmental Engineering, Trinity College, Dublin, Ireland.
Microplastics (MPs) and per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) are emerging aquatic threats. This review highlights their interactions, combined toxicity, and curbing strategies, emphasizing the need for integrated research and management.
Area of Science:
- Environmental Science
- Ecotoxicology
- Chemical Engineering
Background:
- Microplastics (MPs) and per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) are significant emerging contaminants in aquatic ecosystems.
- Research on MPs and PFASs individually is extensive, but their combined effects and interactions remain understudied.
- Simultaneous release from human activities creates common co-sources, increasing the potential for MP-PFAS interactions.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review the current understanding of interactions between MPs and PFASs in aquatic environments.
- To highlight the adsorption mechanisms and influencing factors of PFASs on MPs.
- To discuss the co-existence, transportation, combined toxicity, and curbing strategies for MPs and PFASs.
Main Methods:
- Literature review and synthesis of existing research on MPs and PFASs.
- Analysis of adsorption mechanisms, including electrostatic and hydrophobic interactions.
- Evaluation of environmental transport, biological uptake, and ecotoxicological impacts.
- Overview of current and potential strategies for mitigating MP and PFAS pollution.
Main Results:
- MPs can adsorb PFASs in aquatic environments through electrostatic and hydrophobic interactions.
- MPs and PFASs can be ingested by aquatic organisms, leading to combined toxicities greater than individual exposures.
- Wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) are key sites for MP removal but also contribute to MP pollution.
- Adsorption is effective for PFASs removal, but technological advancements are needed for widespread application.
Conclusions:
- There is a critical need to understand the interconnected risks posed by MPs and PFASs in aquatic ecosystems.
- Integrated approaches are necessary for effective management and mitigation of combined MP and PFAS pollution.
- Further research is required to fully elucidate the interactions and combined toxic effects of MPs and PFASs.
