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Microbial fuel cells (MFCs) are bioelectrochemical devices that generate electricity by exploiting the metabolic processes of electrogenic bacteria. These systems provide a renewable energy source and serve as an innovative method for treating organic waste, such as wastewater.A typical MFC consists of two chambers: an anoxic (oxygen-free) compartment that houses the bacteria and an oxic (oxygen-rich) compartment that contains oxygen as the terminal electron acceptor. Many MFCs use proton...

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Engineering Photo-Cross-Linkable MXene-Based Hydrogels: Durable Conductive Biomaterials for Electroactive Tissues and

Roya Lotfi1, Nooshin Zandi2, Ali Pourjavadi3

  • 1Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Institute for Convergence Science & Technology, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran 14588-89694, Iran.

ACS Biomaterials Science & Engineering
|December 30, 2023
PubMed
Summary

This study developed photocurable MXene-gelatin methacrylate hydrogels for tissue regeneration. Type II photoinitiators enabled rapid curing of thick, mechanically robust, and conductive scaffolds, showing promise for bioelectronic interfaces.

Keywords:
MXeneelectro-stimuli nanocompositegelatin methacryloylphoto-cross-linkable hydrogelphotoinitiatortissue-interface engineering

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Area of Science:

  • Biomaterials Science
  • Tissue Engineering
  • Nanotechnology

Background:

  • Light-cured conductive hydrogels are crucial for electroactive tissue regeneration and bioelectronic interfaces.
  • MXene (MX) incorporation offers unique properties but its light-blocking effect complicates photocurable hydrogel synthesis.
  • Efficient cross-linking of MX-containing photocurable hydrogels requires careful selection of photoinitiators and concentrations.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the photo-cross-linking of MX-gelatin methacrylate (GelMa) composites using different photoinitiators and MX concentrations.
  • To prepare biocompatible, injectable, conductive, and photocurable composite hydrogels.
  • To analyze the impact of MX light-blocking on hydrogel properties and optimize curing strategies.

Main Methods:

  • Synthesized MX-GelMa composite hydrogels using Eosin Y (Type I), Irgacure 2959 (Type I), and lithium phenyl-2,4,6-trimethylbenzoyl phosphinate (Type II) photoinitiators.
  • Varied MX concentrations to assess effects on hydrogel thickness, pore structure, swelling, degradation, mechanical properties, and conductivity.
  • Performed in vitro cytocompatibility assays with C2C12 myoblasts.

Main Results:

  • MX light-blocking significantly influenced hydrogel thickness, pore structure, swelling, degradation, and mechanical properties.
  • Type II photoinitiators enabled rapid curing (<60s) of centimeter-sized thick films with superior mechanical properties (up to 300% increase) and higher swelling ratios (648-1274%).
  • Type I photoinitiators produced thin films (0.5 mm) with conductivity up to 1 mS/cm at 0.1 mg/mL MX, and both types demonstrated excellent C2C12 cell viability and proliferation.

Conclusions:

  • Optimized photo-cross-linking strategies using Type I and Type II photoinitiators allow tunable fabrication of MX-GelMa hydrogels.
  • The developed hydrogels exhibit excellent biocompatibility, conductivity, and mechanical strength, suitable for tissue engineering scaffolds.
  • These photocurable GelMa-MX hydrogels show potential for modulating cellular functions and interfacing with biological tissues and devices.