Halophilic filamentous fungi and their enzymes: Potential biotechnological applications

Recently, interest in the study of microorganisms growing under extreme conditions, particularly halophiles, has increased due to their potential use in industrial processes. Halophiles are the class of microorganisms that grow optimally at high NaCl concentrations and are capable of producing halophilic enzymes capable of catalyzing reactions under harsh conditions. So far, fungi are the least studied halophilic microorganisms, even though they have been shown to counteract these extreme conditions by producing secondary metabolites with very interesting properties. This review highlights mechanisms that allow halophilic fungi to adapt high salinity and the specificity of their enzymes to a spectrum of action in industrial and environmental applications. The peculiarities of these enzymes justify the urgent need to apply green alternative compounds in industries.