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Related Concept Videos

Renal Failure: Dose Adjustments01:11

Renal Failure: Dose Adjustments

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In patients with renal impairment, drugs undergo significant changes in their pharmacokinetics, which require dosage adjustments to ensure safe and effective therapy.
Reduced renal clearance and elimination rate are common outcomes of renal impairment. These alterations lead to a prolonged elimination half-life and an altered apparent volume of distribution for drugs. As a result, dosage adjustments are typically necessary to maintain optimal drug levels in the body.
However, dosage adjustments...
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Overview of Protein Metabolism01:21

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Proteins are broken down into amino acids during digestion. Unlike fats and carbohydrates, which are stored for later use, proteins are not. Instead, amino acids are either used to produce ATP through oxidation or contribute to the creation of new proteins for the growth and repair of the body. Any surplus amino acids from the diet are converted into glucose or triglycerides rather than excreted.
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Enteral Nutrition II: Nasointestinal and Gastrostomy Feeding01:15

Enteral Nutrition II: Nasointestinal and Gastrostomy Feeding

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Enteral nutrition encompasses various methods of delivering nutrition directly to the gastrointestinal (GI) tract, bypassing traditional oral intake. It is particularly beneficial for patients who cannot eat by mouth but have a functioning digestive system. Key methods include nasointestinal feeding, gastrostomy, and jejunostomy, each suited to different clinical scenarios based on the patient's needs and condition.
Nasointestinal Feeding
Nasointestinal feeding involves placing a tube...
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Factors Affecting Renal Clearance: Renal Impairment01:17

Factors Affecting Renal Clearance: Renal Impairment

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Renal dysfunction significantly impairs the renal clearance of drugs, leading to potential complications in drug therapy. Renal failure, which can be caused by various factors, poses a significant challenge in the elimination of drugs from the body.
One condition associated with renal failure is uremia. Uremia is characterized by impaired glomerular filtration and fluid accumulation in the body. This condition hinders the renal clearance of drugs, resulting in drug accumulation and potential...
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Dialysis01:27

Dialysis

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Renal failure occurs when the kidneys lose their ability to filter waste products from the blood effectively. It can be classified into two types: acute renal failure (ARF) and chronic renal failure (CRF).
Acute kidney injury develops suddenly and can be caused by pre-renal causes (e.g., hypovolemia, shock), intrinsic renal causes (e.g., acute tubular necrosis), or post-renal causes (e.g., urinary obstruction). In contrast, chronic renal failure progresses gradually over time and is often...
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Nephrons01:10

Nephrons

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The kidneys are intricate organs with millions of working units known as nephrons. Each nephron features two major structures: the renal corpuscle, which facilitates blood plasma filtration, and the renal tubule, which handles the glomerular filtrate. Blood supply is directly linked to the nephrons. The renal corpuscle consists of the glomerulus, a capillary network, and the Bowman's capsule, a double-walled epithelial structure that encases the glomerulus. The filtering of blood plasma...
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5/6 Nephrectomy Using Sharp Bipolectomy Via Midline Laparotomy in Rats
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Optimizing Nutrition in Neonates with Kidney Dysfunction.

Saudamini Nesargi1, Heidi Steflik2, Nivedita Kamath3

  • 1Department of Neonatology, St. Johns Medical College Hospital, Bangalore, India.

Neoreviews
|December 31, 2023
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Nutritional management for neonates with kidney disease is complex, varying with acute kidney injury (AKI) and chronic kidney disease (CKD) causes. This review details nutritional challenges and recommendations, highlighting data gaps for micronutrient losses.

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Area of Science:

  • Neonatology
  • Pediatric Nephrology
  • Nutritional Science

Background:

  • Neonatal kidney disease, including acute kidney injury (AKI) and chronic kidney disease (CKD), presents complex nutritional challenges.
  • Nutritional requirements and losses differ based on the cause, duration, and treatment modality of kidney dysfunction in neonates.

Approach:

  • This review synthesizes current knowledge on the pathophysiology of compromised nutrition in neonates with AKI and CKD.
  • It summarizes existing data and consensus recommendations for nutritional provision in these vulnerable patients.

Key Points:

  • Treatment modalities like continuous renal replacement therapy and peritoneal dialysis (PD) can differentially impact nutritional status.
  • There is a significant lack of data regarding micronutrient losses in neonates with kidney disease.

Conclusions:

  • Optimizing nutritional management is crucial for improving outcomes in neonates with kidney disease.
  • Future prospective studies are needed to address micronutrient deficiencies and refine nutritional supplementation strategies.