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Thalamic functional connectivity and sensorimotor processing in neurodevelopmental disorders.

Smitha Karavallil Achuthan1, Despina Stavrinos2, Paula Argueta1

  • 1Department of Psychology and the Center for Innovative Research in Autism, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL, United States.

Frontiers in Neuroscience
|January 1, 2024
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Autistic adults exhibit distinct thalamic connectivity patterns compared to neurotypical and ADHD individuals. These differences in brain connectivity highlight the thalamus

Keywords:
ADHDautismconnectivityfMRIresting-statethalamus

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroimaging
  • Neurodevelopmental Disorders
  • Cognitive Neuroscience

Background:

  • Thalamocortical pathway connectivity differences are early neurobiological findings in autism spectrum disorder (ASD).
  • The thalamus plays a crucial role in sensory processing, consciousness, and cognitive functions.
  • Altered brain connectivity is a hallmark of neurodevelopmental disorders, impacting neural information processing.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate resting-state functional connectivity of the thalamus in autistic, ADHD, and neurotypical young adults.
  • To identify specific thalamic connectivity patterns associated with autism and ADHD.
  • To explore the relationship between autistic traits and thalamic connectivity.

Main Methods:

  • Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) was used to assess resting-state functional connectivity.
  • A cohort of 49 young adults (autistic, ADHD, and neurotypical) underwent structural and resting-state fMRI scans.
  • Seed-based functional connectivity analysis was performed using the bilateral thalamus as primary seeds.

Main Results:

  • Autistic participants showed stronger right thalamic connectivity with the precentral gyrus, pars opercularis (BA44), postcentral gyrus, and superior parietal lobule (RSPL).
  • Increased connectivity was observed between the left thalamus and the right precentral gyrus in autistic individuals.
  • Regression analyses revealed significant relationships between autistic traits and thalamic connectivity with the precentral gyrus, postcentral gyrus, and RSPL.

Conclusions:

  • Findings suggest distinct thalamic functional connectivity patterns in autism, differing from ADHD and neurotypical controls.
  • The thalamus is implicated in coordinating neural information processing, with alterations observed in neurodevelopmental disorders.
  • This study provides valuable insights into the neurobiological underpinnings of autism related to thalamic connectivity.