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Epidemiology, pathogenesis, and management of Coronavirus disease 2019-associated stroke

Lu Liu1,2, Chenxia Zhou1,2, Huimin Jiang3

  • 1Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100032, China.

Frontiers of Medicine
|January 2, 2024
PubMed

Insights

The Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) epidemic is linked to increased stroke risk, impacting diagnosis and care. This review explores COVID-19

Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Public Health

Background:

  • The COVID-19 pandemic has significantly impacted global health systems.
  • A complex relationship between COVID-19 and stroke has been observed, posing challenges to patient care.
  • Severe COVID-19 is associated with elevated risks of stroke, disability, and mortality.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the influence of COVID-19 and its vaccines on stroke.
  • To detail neurovascular mechanisms and clinical stroke characteristics during SARS-CoV-2 infection.
  • To highlight evidence on vaccinations, therapeutic strategies, and stroke management.

Main Methods:

  • Systematic literature review of studies on COVID-19 and stroke.
  • Analysis of neurovascular mechanisms related to SARS-CoV-2.
  • Synthesis of clinical data on stroke in COVID-19 patients.
  • Review of vaccination impacts and therapeutic approaches.

Main Results:

  • COVID-19 is associated with increased incidence of arterial (ischemic, hemorrhagic) and venous (cerebral venous thrombosis) stroke.
  • Neuroinflammation, endothelial dysfunction, and hypercoagulability are key mechanisms linking SARS-CoV-2 to stroke.
  • Stroke presentation in COVID-19 patients can be atypical, requiring tailored diagnostic and management strategies.
  • Vaccination strategies are emerging as crucial in mitigating stroke risk in the context of COVID-19.

Conclusions:

  • COVID-19 presents a significant risk factor for various types of stroke.
  • Understanding the neurovascular mechanisms is critical for effective stroke prevention and treatment.
  • Evidence-based vaccination and management strategies are essential for addressing stroke in the COVID-19 era.

Keywords:
SARS-CoV-2cerebral venous thrombosishemorrhagic strokeischemic strokestrokevaccination

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