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What is the Immune System?

What is the Immune System?

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Updated: Jun 27, 2026

Microfluidic Co-Culture Models for Dissecting the Immune Response in in vitro Tumor Microenvironments

Microfluidic Co-Culture Models for Dissecting the Immune Response in in vitro Tumor Microenvironments

Published on: April 30, 2021

Modeling immunity in microphysiological systems.

Brian J Kwee^1,2, Xiaoqing Li¹, Xinh-Xinh Nguyen¹

¹Cellular and Tissue Therapy Branch, Office of Therapeutic Products, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD 20993, USA.

Experimental Biology and Medicine (Maywood, N.J.)

|January 3, 2024

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Microphysiological systems (MPSs) offer advanced in vitro models for studying the human immune system. These systems better predict drug responses and disease progression compared to traditional methods.

Keywords:

Microphysiological systems immunity inflammatory diseases lymphatics tissue interfaces tumor microenvironment

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Last Updated: Jun 27, 2026

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Area of Science:

Immunology
Biomedical Engineering
Drug Development

Background:

Current in vitro and animal models inadequately replicate human immune system complexity.
There is a critical need for improved predictive models for immunomodulatory drug development and regulatory approval.

Purpose of the Study:

To review the utility of microphysiological systems (MPSs) in modeling the human immune system.
To highlight MPS applications in understanding inflammation, immunity, and disease pathogenesis.

Main Methods:

Overview of microphysiological systems (MPSs) designed to mimic in vivo microenvironment cues.
Discussion of MPS applications for lymphatic tissues, tissue interfaces, inflammatory diseases, and tumor microenvironments.

Main Results:

MPSs can recapitulate key features of in vivo inflammatory responses.
These systems demonstrate potential for modeling immune system function in various contexts.

Conclusions:

Microphysiological systems represent a promising advancement for in vitro and ex vivo immune system modeling.
MPSs can aid in evaluating immunotherapies, understanding disease propagation, and studying host-pathogen interactions.