Bladder tumor occurring in the contracted bladder following urinary tract tuberculosis

We report a case of bladder squamous cell carcinoma which occurred in the contracted bladder following urinary tract tuberculosis 20 years earlier. The patient came to our hospital complaining of gross hematuria, so we suspected recurrence of urinary tract tuberculosis. We administered rifampicin and ethanbutol. However, urine culture was negative and urine cytology was positive. Following internal urethrotomy, cystoscopy was performed and a bladder tumor was found. Although in this case there was a long time lag between urinary tract tuberculosis and bladder tumor, it was very difficult to make an exact diagnosis. It would have been even more difficult if there had been coexistence of active tuberculosis. We discuss the points of diagnosis and treatment.