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Updated: Jul 6, 2025
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Fluorescence-based Measurement of Store-operated Calcium Entry in Live Cells: from Cultured Cancer Cell to Skeletal Muscle Fiber
Published on: February 13, 2012
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Regulatory mechanisms controlling store-operated calcium entry
Goutham Kodakandla1, Askar M Akimzhanov2, Darren Boehning1
1Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cooper Medical School of Rowan University, Camden, NJ, United States.
Frontiers in Physiology
|January 3, 2024
Summary
Store-operated calcium entry (SOCE) is vital for cellular function. This review details the molecular mechanisms, including Stromal Interaction Molecule 1 (STIM1) and Orai1 channels, that regulate calcium influx and CRAC channel formation.
Area of Science:
- Cellular Physiology
- Molecular Biology
- Ion Channel Function
Background:
- Calcium influx is essential for cellular processes.
- Inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate (IP3) signaling triggers calcium release from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER).
- Store depletion activates the STIM1-Orai1 pathway for calcium entry.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review the history and molecular players of store-operated calcium entry (SOCE).
- To discuss proposed models for CRAC channel formation and puncta assembly.
- To highlight the role of STIM and Orai homologs in calcium homeostasis.
Main Methods:
- Literature review of store-operated calcium entry (SOCE) mechanisms.
- Analysis of molecular interactions between STIM1, Orai1, and IP3 receptors.
- Examination of models explaining CRAC channel clustering and puncta formation.
Main Results:
- Stromal Interaction Molecule 1 (STIM1) senses ER calcium depletion and translocates to ER:PM junctions.
- STIM1 activates Orai1 channels, forming calcium release-activated calcium (CRAC) channels for calcium influx (SOCE).
- Homologs like STIM2 and Orai2/3 also contribute to calcium homeostasis.
Conclusions:
- SOCE, mediated by STIM1 and Orai1, is a critical calcium influx pathway.
- The formation of CRAC channel puncta is a key aspect of SOCE regulation.
- Understanding these mechanisms is vital for cellular physiology and potential therapeutic interventions.
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