Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Menopause01:28

Menopause

166
Menopause, a natural biological process marking the end of a woman's fertility, typically occurs between the fifth and sixth decade of life. This phase is characterized by the exhaustion of the ovarian follicle pool, leading to less responsive ovaries despite the high levels of Follicle Stimulating Hormone (FSH) and Luteinizing Hormone (LH). The consequential decrease in estrogen production results in symptoms like hot flashes, heavy sweating, headaches, hair loss, muscle pains, vaginal...
166
Hormonal Regulation of the Menstrual Cycle01:22

Hormonal Regulation of the Menstrual Cycle

396
The ovarian cycle regulates endometrial changes throughout a single menstrual cycle via the coordinated action of gonadotrophin-releasing hormone (GnRH) and gonadotrophins.
At puberty, GnRH begins a pulsatile release pattern, which triggers the anterior pituitary gland to secrete follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH). The frequency and amplitude of GnRH pulses vary across the menstrual cycle, with faster pulses favoring LH release and slower pulses favoring FSH...
396
Menses Phase01:18

Menses Phase

275
The uterine cycle begins with the menstrual phase, which is considered day one of the cycle and typically lasts about five days. This phase is characterized by the degeneration and shedding of the stratum functionalis, the functional layer of the endometrium.
When fertilization does not occur, the corpus luteum deteriorates, causing a significant drop in the levels of estrogen and progesterone in the body. This hormonal decrease triggers the release of prostaglandins, which cause the uterine...
275
The Menstrual Cycle01:19

The Menstrual Cycle

839
The menstrual cycle is a recurrent sequence of changes in the uterine endometrium, specifically its functional layer, the stratum functionalis. This cycle prepares the uterus for potential pregnancy. This cycle typically spans 21–35 days, averaging 28 days, and aligns with the ovarian cycle, regulated by fluctuating levels of ovarian hormones, primarily estrogen and progesterone.
The menstrual phase occurs from days 1 to 5 and involves the shedding of the stratum functionalis, as a...
839
Oogenesis01:22

Oogenesis

1.6K
Oogenesis,  the process of developing egg cells (female gametes), occurs within the ovaries and is fundamental to female fertility. This sequence begins during fetal development when diploid oogonia in the developing ovaries undergo mitotic divisions to produce primary oocytes. By birth, these primary oocytes enter prophase I of meiosis but become arrested in this stage, remaining suspended until puberty.
Each primary oocyte is surrounded by a layer of pre-granulosa cells, forming what is...
1.6K
Disorders of the Female Reproductive System01:24

Disorders of the Female Reproductive System

364
The female reproductive system can be affected by several disorders, including Premenstrual Syndrome (PMS), Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder (PMDD), endometriosis, and various forms of cancer. PMS and PMDD are cyclical conditions that cause physical and emotional distress, with symptoms that include edema, mood swings, and food cravings. PMDD is a more severe form of PMS characterized by increased symptom severity that peaks during the luteal phase and tends to improve or resolve shortly after...
364

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

"My story is good… It's not like that for all": Uneven access to contraception among incarcerated women in New South Wales, Australia.

Reproductive health·2026
Same author

In response to "Drawing maps in the fog: rethinking safety and system context in paramedic non-transport".

JBI evidence synthesis·2026
Same author

360-degree projection simulation versus traditional simulation in undergraduate paramedicine education: a pilot randomised controlled trial.

British paramedic journal·2026
Same author

Non-transport of patients following assessment and care by paramedics: a scoping review protocol.

JBI evidence synthesis·2026
Same author

Locating the missing chlorophylls f in far-red photosystem I.

Science (New York, N.Y.)·2025
Same author

The rise of consensus methods in paramedicine research: A bibliographic analysis.

Australasian emergency care·2025

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 6, 2025

An In Vivo Estrogen Deficiency Mouse Model for Screening Exogenous Estrogen Treatments of Cardiovascular Dysfunction After Menopause
06:18

An In Vivo Estrogen Deficiency Mouse Model for Screening Exogenous Estrogen Treatments of Cardiovascular Dysfunction After Menopause

Published on: August 13, 2019

12.2K

Menopause: Physiology, definitions, and symptoms.

Charlotte Gatenby1, Paul Simpson2

  • 1iCaSH, 1a Oak Street, NR3 3AE, United Kingdom.

Best Practice & Research. Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism
|January 3, 2024
PubMed
Summary

Menopause is a natural transition causing hormonal fluctuations and varied symptoms. Effective management is crucial for women

Keywords:
iatrogenic menopauseinducedmenopauseperi-menopausepost-menopausalpremature ovarian insufficiency

More Related Videos

A Method to Study the Impact of Chemically-induced Ovarian Failure on Exercise Capacity and Cardiac Adaptation in Mice
14:26

A Method to Study the Impact of Chemically-induced Ovarian Failure on Exercise Capacity and Cardiac Adaptation in Mice

Published on: April 7, 2014

15.5K
Author Spotlight: Investigating the Relationship Between FSH and Pathophysiological Changes in Perimenopausal Women - Insights from a Mouse Model
05:32

Author Spotlight: Investigating the Relationship Between FSH and Pathophysiological Changes in Perimenopausal Women - Insights from a Mouse Model

Published on: August 11, 2023

1.8K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jul 6, 2025

An In Vivo Estrogen Deficiency Mouse Model for Screening Exogenous Estrogen Treatments of Cardiovascular Dysfunction After Menopause
06:18

An In Vivo Estrogen Deficiency Mouse Model for Screening Exogenous Estrogen Treatments of Cardiovascular Dysfunction After Menopause

Published on: August 13, 2019

12.2K
A Method to Study the Impact of Chemically-induced Ovarian Failure on Exercise Capacity and Cardiac Adaptation in Mice
14:26

A Method to Study the Impact of Chemically-induced Ovarian Failure on Exercise Capacity and Cardiac Adaptation in Mice

Published on: April 7, 2014

15.5K
Author Spotlight: Investigating the Relationship Between FSH and Pathophysiological Changes in Perimenopausal Women - Insights from a Mouse Model
05:32

Author Spotlight: Investigating the Relationship Between FSH and Pathophysiological Changes in Perimenopausal Women - Insights from a Mouse Model

Published on: August 11, 2023

1.8K

Area of Science:

  • Reproductive Endocrinology
  • Women's Health
  • Menopause Studies

Background:

  • Menopause transition involves cessation of ovarian function, leading to hormonal changes (estrogen, progesterone, testosterone).
  • Perimenopausal hormonal fluctuations cause diverse symptoms impacting multiple organ systems.
  • Women spend up to a third of their lives in the menopausal transition, significantly affecting quality of life.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To highlight the challenges in managing menopause symptoms for patients and clinicians.
  • To emphasize the importance of understanding and treating menopausal symptoms.
  • To underscore the necessity of improving quality of life during this prolonged physiological state.

Main Methods:

  • Review of current understanding of menopause transition and associated symptoms.
  • Discussion of various management strategies including lifestyle, therapies, supplements, and hormone replacement therapy.
  • Consideration of the impact of increased life expectancy on the duration of menopausal experience.

Main Results:

  • Menopause transition is a lengthy process with significant hormonal variability.
  • Symptoms affect multiple organ systems and can be challenging to manage.
  • A range of management options exist, requiring tailored patient and clinician approaches.

Conclusions:

  • Understanding and effectively managing menopause symptoms is essential for women's health.
  • Addressing menopausal symptoms can reduce the overall burden of this life stage.
  • Improving management strategies is vital as women live longer post-menopause.