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P. aeruginosa interactions with other microbes in biofilms during co-infection
Manuela Oliveira1,2, Eva Cunha1,2, Luís Tavares1,2
1CIISA-Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Lisbon, Avenida da Universidade Técnica, 1300-477 Lisboa, Portugal.
Abstract:
This review addresses the topic of biofilms, including their development and the interaction between different counterparts. There is evidence that various diseases, such as cystic fibrosis, otitis media, diabetic foot wound infections, and certain cancers, are promoted and aggravated by the presence of polymicrobial biofilms. Biofilms are composed by heterogeneous communities of microorganisms protected by a matrix of polysaccharides. The different types of interactions between microorganisms gives rise to an increased resistance to antimicrobials and to the host's defense mechanisms, with the consequent worsening of disease symptoms. Therefore, infections caused by polymicrobial biofilms affecting different human organs and systems will be discussed, as well as the role of the interactions between the gram-negative bacteria Pseudomonas aeruginosa, which is at the base of major polymicrobial infections, and other bacteria, fungi, and viruses in the establishment of human infections and diseases. Considering that polymicrobial biofilms are key to bacterial pathogenicity, it is fundamental to evaluate which microbes are involved in a certain disease to convey an appropriate and efficacious antimicrobial therapy.
Insights
Polymicrobial biofilms, communities of microbes, worsen diseases like cystic fibrosis and wound infections. Understanding microbial interactions is key for effective antimicrobial therapies against these resistant infections.
Area of Science:
- Microbiology
- Infectious Diseases
- Biomedical Science
Background:
- Polymicrobial biofilms are microbial communities encased in a protective matrix.
- These biofilms are implicated in various diseases, including cystic fibrosis, otitis media, diabetic foot infections, and cancers.
- Microbial interactions within biofilms enhance resistance to antimicrobials and host defenses.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review the development and interactions within polymicrobial biofilms.
- To discuss the role of polymicrobial biofilms in human diseases.
- To highlight the significance of interactions involving *Pseudomonas aeruginosa*.
Main Methods:
- Literature review of studies on polymicrobial biofilms.
- Analysis of microbial interactions and their impact on pathogenicity.
- Discussion of disease mechanisms driven by biofilms.
Main Results:
- Polymicrobial biofilms contribute to the exacerbation of numerous human diseases.
- Interactions between microorganisms in biofilms lead to increased antimicrobial resistance.
- *Pseudomonas aeruginosa* plays a significant role in polymicrobial infections.
Conclusions:
- Polymicrobial biofilms are critical in bacterial pathogenicity and disease progression.
- Identifying specific microbes in polymicrobial infections is essential for targeted antimicrobial therapy.
- Further research into biofilm dynamics can lead to improved treatment strategies.
