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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 6, 2025

Four-Dimensional Printing of Stimuli-Responsive Hydrogel-Based Soft Robots
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Bioinspired Multifunctional Self-Sensing Actuated Gradient Hydrogel for Soft-Hard Robot Remote Interaction.

He Liu1, Haoxiang Chu1, Hailiang Yuan1

  • 1College of Medicine and Biological Information Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang, 110169, People's Republic of China.

Nano-Micro Letters
|January 4, 2024
PubMed
Summary

This study introduces a novel gradient hydrogel with self-sensing and actuation for robotic interaction. This material offers ultrafast response and high sensitivity, enabling advanced human-machine interfaces and soft-hard robot communication.

Keywords:
Bioinspired actuatorGradient structureHydrogel sensorRemote interactionSelf-sensing

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Robotics
  • Soft Matter Physics

Background:

  • Developing bioinspired gradient hydrogels with self-sensing and actuation for soft-hard robot interaction is challenging.
  • Existing materials often lack the required speed, sensitivity, or multifunctionality for seamless integration.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To create a novel multifunctional self-sensing actuated gradient hydrogel.
  • To achieve ultrafast actuation and high sensitivity for remote interaction with robotic hands.
  • To explore applications in soft actuators, wearable electronics, and human-machine interfaces.

Main Methods:

  • Fabrication of a gradient hydrogel using a wettability difference method with MoO2 nanosheets.
  • Incorporation of hydrophilic disparities for thermo-responsive actuation.
  • Utilizing local cross-linking of sodium alginate with Ca2+ for programmable deformability and information display.
  • Characterization of actuation speed, photothermal efficiency, sensitivity, response time, and cycling stability.

Main Results:

  • Achieved ultrafast thermo-responsive actuation (21° s⁻¹) and enhanced photothermal efficiency (3.7°C s⁻¹).
  • Demonstrated high sensitivity (gauge factor 3.94 over 600% strain) and fast response (140 ms).
  • Successfully integrated the hydrogel into soft grippers, artificial irises, bioinspired jellyfish, wearable sensors, and a self-sensing tongue.
  • Enabled remote interaction between soft-hard robots via the Internet of Things through quantitative actuation-sensing analysis.

Conclusions:

  • The developed gradient hydrogel offers a unique combination of ultrafast actuation and high sensitivity.
  • This material provides a new platform for advanced somatosensory materials and self-feedback intelligent soft robots.
  • The study presents a significant advancement in human-machine interaction and soft-hard robot collaboration.