Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Spin–Spin Coupling Constant: Overview01:08

Spin–Spin Coupling Constant: Overview

924
In bromoethane, the three methyl protons are coupled to the two methylene protons that are three bonds away. In accordance with the n+1 rule, the signal from the methyl protons is split into three peaks with 1:2:1 relative intensities. The methylene protons appear as a quartet, with the relative intensities of 1:3:3:1.
Qualitatively, any spin plus-half nucleus polarizes the spins of its electrons to the minus-half state. Consequently, the paired electron in the hydrogen–carbon bond must...
924
¹H NMR: Interpreting Distorted and Overlapping Signals01:02

¹H NMR: Interpreting Distorted and Overlapping Signals

1.0K
Spin systems where the difference in chemical shifts of the coupled nuclei is greater than ten times J are called first-order spin systems. These nuclei are weakly coupled, and their chemical shifts and coupling constant can generally be estimated from the well-separated signals in the spectrum.
As Δν decreases and the signals move closer, the doublets appear increasingly distorted. The intensities of the inner lines increase at the cost of those of the outer lines as the signals are...
1.0K
Atomic Nuclei: Nuclear Relaxation Processes01:23

Atomic Nuclei: Nuclear Relaxation Processes

656
In the absence of an external magnetic field, nuclear spin states are degenerate and randomly oriented. When a magnetic field is applied, the spins begin to precess and orient themselves along (lower energy) or against (higher energy) the direction of the field. At equilibrium, a slight excess population of spins exists in the lower energy state. Because the direction of the magnetic field is fixed as the z-axis,  the precessing magnetic moments are randomly oriented around the z-axis.
656
Atomic Nuclei: Types of Nuclear Relaxation01:28

Atomic Nuclei: Types of Nuclear Relaxation

303
Nuclear relaxation restores the equilibrium population imbalance and can occur via spin–lattice or spin–spin mechanisms, which are first-order exponential decay processes.
In spin–lattice or longitudinal relaxation, the excited spins exchange energy with the surrounding lattice as they return to the lower energy level. Among several mechanisms that contribute to spin–lattice relaxation, magnetic dipolar interactions are significant. Here, the excited nucleus transfers...
303
Atomic Nuclei: Nuclear Spin State Population Distribution01:14

Atomic Nuclei: Nuclear Spin State Population Distribution

983
Near absolute zero temperatures, in the presence of a magnetic field, the majority of nuclei prefer the lower energy spin-up state to the higher energy spin-down state. As temperatures increase, the energy from thermal collisions distributes the spins more equally between the two states. The Boltzmann distribution equation gives the ratio of the number of spins predicted in the spin −½ (N−) and spin +½ (N+) states.
983
Spin–Spin Coupling: Two-Bond Coupling (Geminal Coupling)01:20

Spin–Spin Coupling: Two-Bond Coupling (Geminal Coupling)

1.0K
Two NMR-active nuclei bonded to a central atom can be involved in geminal or two-bond coupling. Geminal coupling is commonly seen between diastereotopic protons in chiral molecules and unsymmetrical alkenes, among others.
The central atom need not be NMR-active because its electrons are affected by the electron polarization of the spin-active atoms. However, spin information is transmitted less effectively than in one-bond coupling, and 2J values are usually weaker than 1J values. The energy of...
1.0K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Overlap locking and nonperturbative effects in spin glasses.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·2026
Same author

Outcomes of Hormone receptor-positive/HER2-negative early breast cancer patients by risk of recurrence groups focusing on the intermediate-risk group: Retrospective analysis from GEICAM studies.

Breast cancer research : BCR·2026
Same author

Demonstrating real advantage of machine learning-enhanced Monte Carlo for combinatorial optimization.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·2026
Same author

Perioperative Interventions Based on Fasting Protocols and Carbohydrate Loading in Non-Cardiac Surgery in Older Adults: A Scoping Review.

Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania)·2026
Same author

Predictability of complex networks.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·2026
Same author

Health-promoting behaviors are associated with lower depression and anxiety in Ecuadorian medical residents: a cross-sectional study.

Frontiers in public health·2026
Same journal

Tau protein as a regulator of mitochondrial function and dynamics.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·2026
Same journal

A scalable, dividing cell model for the robust propagation and quantification of human sporadic Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease prions.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·2026
Same journal

Epigenetic regulation of mesenchymal BMP signaling directs postnatal organ innervation.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·2026
Same journal

Single-shot wide-field biochemical imaging at 1 kHz frame rate.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·2026
Same journal

Morphogenesis and topological evolution of a frustrated nematic liquid crystal under confinement.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·2026
Same journal

B cell-intrinsic CXCR3 drives efficient generation of ectopic pulmonary germinal center responses to influenza A virus infection.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 6, 2025

Methods of Ex Situ and In Situ Investigations of Structural Transformations: The Case of Crystallization of Metallic Glasses
08:55

Methods of Ex Situ and In Situ Investigations of Structural Transformations: The Case of Crystallization of Metallic Glasses

Published on: June 7, 2018

8.5K

Multifractality in spin glasses.

Marco Baity-Jesi1, Enrico Calore2, Andrés Cruz3,4

  • 1Eawag, CH-8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
|January 4, 2024
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

We discovered multifractal behavior in Ising spin glasses at low temperatures. Dramatic fluctuations were observed, challenging previous assumptions about spin-glass dynamics and revealing new insights into their complex correlations.

Keywords:
disorder systemsfractal dimensionsintermittencylarge scale simulations

More Related Videos

Quantifying Cytoskeleton Dynamics Using Differential Dynamic Microscopy
06:37

Quantifying Cytoskeleton Dynamics Using Differential Dynamic Microscopy

Published on: June 15, 2022

3.6K
Optimizing Magnetic Force Microscopy Resolution and Sensitivity to Visualize Nanoscale Magnetic Domains
07:42

Optimizing Magnetic Force Microscopy Resolution and Sensitivity to Visualize Nanoscale Magnetic Domains

Published on: July 20, 2022

2.7K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jul 6, 2025

Methods of Ex Situ and In Situ Investigations of Structural Transformations: The Case of Crystallization of Metallic Glasses
08:55

Methods of Ex Situ and In Situ Investigations of Structural Transformations: The Case of Crystallization of Metallic Glasses

Published on: June 7, 2018

8.5K
Quantifying Cytoskeleton Dynamics Using Differential Dynamic Microscopy
06:37

Quantifying Cytoskeleton Dynamics Using Differential Dynamic Microscopy

Published on: June 15, 2022

3.6K
Optimizing Magnetic Force Microscopy Resolution and Sensitivity to Visualize Nanoscale Magnetic Domains
07:42

Optimizing Magnetic Force Microscopy Resolution and Sensitivity to Visualize Nanoscale Magnetic Domains

Published on: July 20, 2022

2.7K

Area of Science:

  • Condensed matter physics
  • Statistical mechanics

Background:

  • Spin glasses exhibit complex dynamics at low temperatures.
  • Understanding their correlation functions is crucial for characterizing their behavior.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the multifractal behavior of Ising spin glasses in their low-temperature phase.
  • To reconcile observed dramatic fluctuations with established self-averaging models.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized the Janus II supercomputer for local analysis of the spin-glass correlation function.
  • Computed the singularity spectrum and its Legendre transform to characterize fluctuation scaling.

Main Results:

  • Identified dramatic fluctuations in spin-glass correlations at short length scales.
  • Found that a small subset of site pairs governs the average correlation.
  • Demonstrated multifractal scaling of these fluctuations as coherence length grows.

Conclusions:

  • The low-temperature phase of Ising spin glasses exhibits multifractal characteristics.
  • Dramatic local fluctuations are reconciled with overall smooth, self-averaging behavior.
  • New understanding of spin-glass dynamics and magnetic field response.