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High-order orbital angular momentum mode-based phase shift-keying communication using phase difference modulation.

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    Orbital angular momentum (OAM) mode communication faces limitations. A new phase-difference modulation strategy enhances modulation order exponentially, achieving ultra-high-order shift-keying (SK) with high accuracy.

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    Area of Science:

    • Optical communications
    • Quantum information science

    Background:

    • Orbital angular momentum (OAM) modes offer orthogonality for high-order shift-keying (SK) communication.
    • Superposing OAM modes is limited by mode-field mismatch and divergence.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To overcome OAM-based SK modulation order limitations.
    • To introduce a novel phase-difference modulation strategy for enhanced communication capacity.

    Main Methods:

    • Proposed a phase-difference modulation strategy introducing a phase-difference degree of freedom (DoF).
    • Exploited mode interference sensitivity to phase differences for tunable parameters.
    • Generated codable spatial modes by manipulating interference states within superposed OAM modes.

    Main Results:

    • Achieved ultra-high-order phase shift-keying (PSK) with a modulation order up to 4x10^4 using only 3 OAM modes.
    • Demonstrated 99.9% decode accuracy.
    • Showcased exponential increase in codable modes due to independence of OAM and phase-difference DoF.

    Conclusions:

    • The phase-difference modulation strategy effectively breaks OAM-based SK modulation order limitations.
    • This approach enables ultra-high-order PSK communication.
    • Further increases in OAM modes can exponentially improve communication capacity.