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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 6, 2025

Development and Functionalization of Electrolyte-Gated Graphene Field-Effect Transistor for Biomarker Detection
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Ultrasensitive biosensing platform for Mycobacterium tuberculosis detection based on functionalized graphene devices.

Giwan Seo1,2, Geonhee Lee3, Wooyoung Kim1,2

  • 1Research Center for Bioconvergence Analysis, Korea Basic Science Institute, Cheongju, Republic of Korea.

Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology
|January 5, 2024
PubMed
Summary

A novel graphene-based field-effect transistor (GFET) biosensor offers sensitive, point-of-care detection of tuberculosis (TB) by identifying Mycobacterium tuberculosis. This GFET biosensor achieves a 1 fg/mL detection limit, outperforming current rapid tests.

Keywords:
MPT64Mycobacterium tuberculosisbiosensorfield-effect transistor (FET)graphene

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Area of Science:

  • Biomedical Engineering
  • Nanotechnology
  • Infectious Disease Diagnostics

Background:

  • Tuberculosis (TB) poses a significant global health burden, with current diagnostic methods being slow and requiring specialized facilities.
  • Point-of-care (POC) detection of TB is challenging due to limitations in existing diagnostic technologies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a highly sensitive graphene-based field-effect transistor (GFET) biosensor for the rapid, POC detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis.
  • To functionalize GFETs for effective antibody conjugation to detect the MPT64 protein, a biomarker for TB.

Main Methods:

  • Functionalization of graphene channels with 1,5-diaminonaphthalene and glutaraldehyde linkers for antibody immobilization.
  • Confirmation of linker and antibody immobilization using Raman spectroscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy.
  • Real-time detection of MPT64 protein using the antibody-functionalized GFET biosensor.

Main Results:

  • The GFET biosensor demonstrated highly sensitive detection of MPT64 protein with a limit of detection as low as 1 fg/mL.
  • Characterization confirmed uniform immobilization of linker molecules and successful antibody conjugation on the graphene surface.
  • The GFET biosensor exhibited superior sensitivity compared to traditional rapid detection tests (RDTs) and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs), albeit with a smaller dynamic range.

Conclusions:

  • The developed GFET biosensor platform provides a sensitive and rapid POC detection method for TB.
  • This technology can overcome the limitations of existing diagnostic tools, enabling earlier TB detection or relapse management.
  • The GFET biosensor holds potential for improving infectious disease diagnostics, particularly for resource-limited settings.