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Conjugate Multimode Heat Transfer Analysis of Cryogenic EXLO Manipulation
Kyle W Beggs1, Alain J Kassab1, Michael Colletta2
1Centecorp LLC, 147 Parsons Rd, Longwood, FL 32779, USA.
Summary
Specimens milled using cryogenic focused ion beam (FIB) remain vitreous indefinitely when cooled with liquid nitrogen. They stay frozen for over 3 minutes after cooling stops, ensuring successful cryo-transfer for cryo-transmission electron microscopy.
Area of Science:
- Materials Science
- Cryo-electron Microscopy
- Heat Transfer
Background:
- Cryogenic focused ion beam (FIB) milling is crucial for preparing samples for cryo-transmission electron microscopy (cryo-TEM).
- Maintaining vitrified states during sample preparation and transfer is essential for high-resolution cryo-TEM imaging.
Purpose of the Study:
- To perform a conjugate radiation/conduction multimode heat transfer analysis for cryogenic FIB milling.
- To determine the thermal stability of specimens during the ex situ lift out (EXLO) process under cryogenic conditions.
Main Methods:
- Utilized finite volume method for transient heat conduction analysis.
- Employed enclosure theory for radiation heat transfer calculations.
- Simulated active cooling and subsequent heat-up phases to assess specimen devitrification times.
Main Results:
- Specimens remain indefinitely vitreous when actively cooled with liquid nitrogen and in contact with FIB trenches.
- Specimens maintain their vitreous state for over 3 minutes after active cooling is turned off.
- This duration significantly exceeds the approximately 10-second transfer time required between cryo-FIB and cryo-EXLO cryostat.
Conclusions:
- The heat transfer analysis confirms the feasibility of cryo-EXLO specimen preparation.
- Cryo-FIB milling and subsequent transfer steps can be reliably performed while maintaining specimen vitrification.
- Cryo-TEM images of prepared yeast specimens corroborate the heat transfer analysis findings.
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