Use of different imaging techniques in stab wound analysis

Area of Science:

• Forensic Science
• Forensic Pathology
• Trace Evidence Analysis

Background:

• Stab wound analysis is an emerging forensic discipline with ongoing debate on its effectiveness due to limited validation studies.
• Current methodologies for examining cut marks and identifying weapon characteristics lack consistency, impacting reliable interpretation in forensic scenarios.
• Existing research lacks standardized approaches, necessitating a systematic review to guide future experimental designs and improve findings.

Purpose of the Study:

• To systematically review and classify published literature on imaging methods for stab wound examination up to September 2023.
• To create a taxonomy of methodological approaches in stab wound research and investigative settings.
• To identify key areas for standardization, including methodological procedures and mark characteristic collection, to enhance reliability.

Main Methods:

• Systematic literature review of stab wound examination studies utilizing various imaging methods.
• Development of a taxonomy to classify studies as morphological or morphometrical, further sub-classified by success and findings.
• Creation of a decision tree to guide the selection of mark attributes, study purposes, and imaging methods.

Main Results:

• Published studies on stab wound analysis fall into morphological or morphometrical classifications.
• The review highlights inconsistencies in identifying knife blade characteristics and the need for a multi-technique, multi-disciplinary approach.
• Two critical areas for standardization were identified: methodological procedures and mark characteristic collection.

Conclusions:

• Standardization of methodological procedures and mark characteristic collection is crucial for improving stab wound analysis reliability.
• Further research and standardization of kerf mark analysis will enhance the efficiency and dependability of forensic investigations.
• A structured approach, including a decision tree, can guide researchers and investigators in selecting appropriate methods for stab wound examination.