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T Cell Types and Functions01:24

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When T cells with CD4 markers are activated, they give rise to two types of effector cells: helper T cells and regulatory T cells. Meanwhile, T cells with CD8 markers differentiate into effector cytotoxic T cells. The differentiation of CD4 T cells into helper T cell subsets, such as Th1, Th2, and Th17 cells, is dependent on the antigen type, antigen-presenting cell, and regulatory cytokines.
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The initiation of cell-mediated immunity can be observed as early as the third month of fetal growth, with active antibody-mediated immunity following approximately one month later.
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Secreted IgM modulates IL-10 expression in B cells.

Shannon Eileen McGettigan1, Lazaro Emilio Aira1, Gaurav Kumar2

  • 1Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, 19107, USA.

Nature Communications
|January 5, 2024
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Secreted IgM (sIgM) limits the expansion of IL-10-producing B cells. Lack of sIgM leads to a tenfold increase in these regulatory B cells, impacting immune homeostasis.

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Cell Biology
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • Interleukin-10 (IL-10)-producing B cells are crucial for maintaining immune balance and suppressing excessive immune responses.
  • The specific signals that regulate the differentiation of IL-10-expressing B cells remain largely unknown.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the role of secreted IgM (sIgM) in the regulation of IL-10-producing B cell differentiation and expansion.
  • To elucidate the molecular mechanisms by which sIgM influences IL-10+ B cell populations.

Main Methods:

  • Comparative analysis of B cell populations in wildtype (WT) mice and mice lacking secreted IgM (sIgM-/-).
  • Assessment of IL-10+ B cell subsets and regulatory B cell populations.
  • Investigation of the role of FcμR, the receptor for sIgM, in B cell differentiation.

Main Results:

  • Mice lacking sIgM exhibited a significant expansion (up to tenfold) of IL-10+ B cells across major B cell subsets.
  • This expansion of IL-10+ B cells was observed early in life (within 24 hours of birth) and was polyclonal.
  • Absence of FcμR in B cells resulted in an intermediate IL-10+ B cell phenotype compared to WT and sIgM-/- mice.
  • Prenatal production of sIgM in WT mice was found to limit the expansion of IL-10+ B cells.

Conclusions:

  • Secreted IgM plays a critical role in regulating the programming and expansion of IL-10-producing B cells.
  • The regulatory function of sIgM on IL-10+ B cells is mediated, in part, through its high-affinity receptor, FcμR, expressed on B cells.
  • This study reveals a novel function of sIgM in maintaining immune homeostasis by controlling regulatory B cell populations.