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MHO or MUO? White adipose tissue remodeling
Jing Yi Zhao1, Li Juan Zhou1, Kai Le Ma1
1Research Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.
Summary
White adipose tissue (WAT) remodeling significantly impacts metabolic health in obesity. Beneficial WAT remodeling in metabolically healthy obesity (MHO) contrasts with detrimental remodeling in metabolically unhealthy obesity (MUO), highlighting key differences in fat tissue function.
Area of Science:
- Endocrinology and Metabolism
- Adipose Tissue Biology
- Obesity Pathophysiology
Background:
- White adipose tissue (WAT) is a dynamic endocrine and immune organ crucial for metabolic health.
- Obesity is characterized by distinct subtypes: metabolically healthy obesity (MHO) and metabolically unhealthy obesity (MUO).
- WAT remodeling, encompassing expansion, microenvironment, phenotype, and distribution, is central to metabolic regulation.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review the intricate relationship between white adipose tissue (WAT) remodeling and metabolic status in obesity.
- To differentiate the mechanisms of WAT remodeling in MHO versus MUO.
- To highlight the clinical importance of targeting WAT remodeling for obesity management.
Main Methods:
- Comprehensive literature review on white adipose tissue remodeling.
- Analysis of studies differentiating MHO and MUO based on metabolic parameters.
- Synthesis of evidence on mechanisms of WAT expansion and function.
Main Results:
- Beneficial WAT remodeling in MHO involves adipocyte hyperplasia, anti-inflammatory microenvironment, proper ECM remodeling, vascularization, WAT browning, and subcutaneous WAT (SWAT) deposition, preventing ectopic fat and insulin resistance (IR).
- Detrimental WAT remodeling in MUO features adipocyte hypertrophy, impaired vascularization, pro-inflammatory microenvironment, WAT whitening, and visceral WAT (VWAT) accumulation, leading to metabolic dysregulation and IR.
- Distinct WAT remodeling patterns correlate with differing metabolic health outcomes in obese individuals.
Conclusions:
- Targeting WAT remodeling is crucial to prevent the progression from MHO to MUO.
- Understanding these remodeling differences offers insights for personalized obesity management strategies.
- WAT remodeling represents a key therapeutic target for improving metabolic health in obesity.