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Higher sensory processing sensitivity: increased cautiousness in attentional processing in conflict contexts.

Luchuan Xiao1,2,3, Kris Baetens1,2,3, Natacha Deroost1,2,3

  • 1Brain, Body and Cognition (BBCO) Research Group, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussel, Belgium.

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Highly sensitive individuals (sensory processing sensitivity - SPS) show altered attention. Higher SPS is linked to cautiousness in conflict situations, particularly when processing emotional stimuli.

Keywords:
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Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Neuroscience
  • Individual Differences

Background:

  • Sensory Processing Sensitivity (SPS) is a trait influencing emotional and sensory experiences.
  • Objective behavioral measures of attentional processing in SPS are limited.
  • Understanding SPS's impact on attention, especially with emotional stimuli, is crucial.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the interaction between emotion and attentional networks in individuals with varying SPS.
  • To explore how SPS modulates attention when emotional information is target-irrelevant and target-relevant.
  • To utilize objective behavioral measures to examine attentional processing in SPS.

Main Methods:

  • Two modified Emotional Attention Networks Test Integration (E-ANTI) experiments were conducted.
  • Within-subject factors included signal type, cue validity, flanker congruency, and emotion (fearful vs. happy).
  • Linear mixed models analyzed reaction times and arousal ratings in relation to SPS.

Main Results:

  • Higher SPS correlated with decreased reaction time differences in valid/invalid cue conditions, especially in incongruent trials (Experiment 1).
  • Increased SPS was associated with rating fearful faces as more arousing than happy faces.
  • Higher SPS reduced slow responding to fearful faces in incongruent trials (Experiment 2).

Conclusions:

  • SPS modulates attentional processes, particularly in high-conflict situations.
  • Individuals with higher SPS exhibit increased cautiousness in conflict contexts.
  • Emotional stimuli interact with attentional networks differently based on SPS levels.