Anesthetic Care During Exploratory Laparotomy and Excision of a Fetus-in-Fetu With a Combined General-Regional...

Fetus-in-fetu (FIF) is a rare, congenital anomaly involving the presence of one of a pair of twins within the body of the other. It is postulated that this pathology occurs during embryogenesis of a diamniotic-monochorionic twin pregnancy with unequal division of the blastocele, which results in monozygotic, monochorionic, and diamniotic twins of unequal sizes. Presentation as an abdominal mass during the neonatal period or infancy is most common, although late diagnosis during the adult years may also occur. We report a 1-day-old, full-term female neonate who presented for exploratory laparotomy and excision of a FIF. We present the use of a combined general-regional technique using caudal epidural anesthesia. The etiology, presentation, appropriate workup, and treatment of FIF are presented. Previous anecdotal reports of anesthetic care for excision of FIF are reviewed.