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Related Concept Videos

T Cell Types and Functions01:24

T Cell Types and Functions

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When T cells with CD4 markers are activated, they give rise to two types of effector cells: helper T cells and regulatory T cells. Meanwhile, T cells with CD8 markers differentiate into effector cytotoxic T cells. The differentiation of CD4 T cells into helper T cell subsets, such as Th1, Th2, and Th17 cells, is dependent on the antigen type, antigen-presenting cell, and regulatory cytokines.
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T cells are integral to our adaptive immune system, recognizing and effectively responding to foreign antigens. T cell activation and clonal selection are pivotal in orchestrating this immune response. This article elucidates these mechanisms, detailing the roles of cluster of differentiation (CD) markers, major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules, costimulatory signals, and the process of clonal selection.
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Cytotoxic T Cells-mediated Immune Response01:27

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Cytotoxic T cells are a vital component of the immune system. They have the remarkable ability to identify and target antigens on infected or abnormal cells. These antigens often originate from intracellular pathogens such as viruses or abnormal proteins cancer cells produce.
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HELIOS-expressing human CD8 T cells exhibit limited effector functions.

Damien Neyens1, Thibault Hirsch1, Achraqat Abdel Aziz Issa Abdel Hadi1

  • 1De Duve Institute, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium.

Frontiers in Immunology
|January 8, 2024
PubMed
Summary

HELIOS is found in human CD8 T cells, primarily memory cells, with distinct functional profiles and HLA-E restriction. This expands understanding of HELIOS beyond regulatory T cells.

Keywords:
CD8 T lymphocytesHELIOSHLA-ETc17human

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Cell Biology

Background:

  • HELIOS is a transcription factor mainly expressed in human CD4 regulatory T cells and murine exhausted CD8 T cells.
  • Limited information exists on human HELIOS-expressing CD8 T cells.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To characterize human HELIOS-positive (HELIOS+) CD8 T cells using flow cytometry and transcriptomic analysis.
  • To investigate the functional properties and antigen recognition of human HELIOS+ CD8 T cells.

Main Methods:

  • Flow cytometry
  • Transcriptomic analysis
  • Analysis of T cell responses to viral peptides (CMV)

Main Results:

  • HELIOS+ CD8 T cells are predominantly memory cells, comprising ~21% of blood CD8 T cells.
  • These cells exhibit lower effector functions (IFN-γ, TNF-α, cytotoxicity) compared to HELIOS- T-BEThigh counterparts.
  • HELIOS+ CD8 T cells recognize CMV peptides presented by HLA-E and include a subset expressing CD161 and T_C17-related genes.

Conclusions:

  • HELIOS is expressed in diverse human CD8 T cell populations, extending its known functions.
  • The role of HELIOS in HLA-E-restricted T cell responses requires further investigation.