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An Explant Assay for Assessing Cellular Behavior of the Cranial Mesenchyme

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Learning a conserved mechanism for early neuroectoderm morphogenesis.

Matthew Lefebvre, Jonathan Colen, Nikolas Claussen

Biorxiv : the Preprint Server for Biology

|January 8, 2024

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) signaling establishes a cascade of molecular gradients that control embryonic development and tissue shape. This process is conserved across species, from flies to humans, guiding neuroectoderm morphogenesis.

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Area of Science:

Developmental Biology
Cellular Mechanics
Systems Biology

Background:

Morphogenesis, the development of organismal shape, relies on precise control of cellular processes.
The Bone Morphogenetic Protein (BMP) signaling pathway is crucial for establishing the dorsoventral (DV) axis in bilaterian organisms.
The precise mechanisms by which BMP regulates the spatio-temporal dynamics of cytoskeletal proteins and morphogenetic flow are not fully understood.

Approach:

Utilized machine learning to analyze a morphodynamic atlas of Drosophila development.
Developed a mathematical model to predict the coupled dynamics of myosin, E-cadherin, and morphogenetic flow.
Conducted mutant analyses to investigate the role of BMP in initiating developmental signaling cascades.

Key Points:

BMP signaling initiates a cascade: establishing DV pair-rule-gene patterns.
These gene patterns create an E-cadherin gradient.
Mechanochemical feedbacks then establish an opposing myosin gradient, driving morphogenetic flow.

Conclusions:

BMP signaling acts as the initial condition for a conserved dynamical system governing morphogenesis.
The identified signaling cascade (BMP → E-cadherin → Myosin) is critical for neuroectoderm morphogenesis.
This conserved mechanism is relevant from Drosophila to human neural tube organoids.