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Impact of lockdown on children with type-1 diabetes: returning to the community was associated with a decrease in

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Frontiers in Pediatrics
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Summary

The COVID-19 lockdown did not significantly alter glycemic control in children with type 1 diabetes (T1D). Returning to community activities was protective, while contact with suspected COVID-19 cases and perceived hypoglycemia affected glycemic control.

Keywords:
COVID-19HbA1cSARS-CoV-2childrendiabetes mellitushypoglycemialockdownpediatrics

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Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Endocrinology
  • Public Health
  • Infectious Diseases

Background:

  • The COVID-19 pandemic necessitated a nationwide lockdown in France in March 2020.
  • Sudden lifestyle changes during lockdowns can disrupt glycemic control in pediatric patients with type 1 diabetes (T1D).

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the impact of the COVID-19 lockdown on glycemic control in children and adolescents diagnosed with T1D.
  • To identify factors influencing glycemic control changes during the lockdown period.

Main Methods:

  • Prospective study of 118 children and adolescents with T1D across two pediatric centers.
  • Comparison of glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) levels before and after the lockdown period.
  • Analysis of lifestyle factors and clinical data, including contact with suspected COVID-19 cases and hypoglycemia perception.

Main Results:

  • No significant difference was found in median HbA1c levels before and after the lockdown (8.37% vs. 8.50%, p=0.391).
  • Returning to community activities emerged as a protective factor against worsening glycemic control (OR 0.31, p=0.045).
  • Increased HbA1c was associated with contact with suspected COVID-19 cases (OR 9.07, p=0.006), while decreased HbA1c correlated with increased perceived hypoglycemia (OR 0.19, p=0.006).

Conclusions:

  • Glycemic control remained stable in pediatric T1D patients during the COVID-19 lockdown.
  • Reintegration into community life was a significant protective factor.
  • Perceived hypoglycemia and exposure to potential COVID-19 cases were associated with changes in glycemic control.