Related Experiment Video
Updated: May 21, 2026
09:09
Generating a Reproducible Model of Mid-Gestational Maternal Immune Activation using Poly(I:C) to Study Susceptibility and Resilience in Offspring
Published on: August 17, 2022
SARS-CoV-2 Reinfection and Risk of Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children: A Case-Control Study.
Noémie Schiever1, Léa Lenglart2,3, Corinne Levy4,5,6
1From the Service of Pediatrics, Department Women-Mother-Child, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.
The Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal
|May 20, 2026
Summary
Multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C) appears less likely after a second SARS-CoV-2 infection compared to the first. This study suggests a potentially lower risk of MIS-C following reinfection, though further research is needed for conclusive evidence.
Area of Science:
- Pediatrics
- Infectious Diseases
- Immunology
Background:
- Multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C) is a severe postinfectious complication of SARS-CoV-2.
- MIS-C incidence may be declining with increasing SARS-CoV-2 reinfection rates.
- The study aimed to compare MIS-C risk after primary SARS-CoV-2 infection versus reinfection.
Purpose of the Study:
- To determine if the risk of developing MIS-C differs between primary SARS-CoV-2 infection and reinfection.
- To investigate the association between SARS-CoV-2 reinfection and the incidence of MIS-C in children.
Main Methods:
- Retrospective, international, matched case-control study (September 2021 - April 2022).
- 180 MIS-C cases matched 1:1 with controls with acute SARS-CoV-2 infection.
- McNemar's test and conditional logistic regression used to compare MIS-C risk.
Main Results:
- No MIS-C cases occurred after documented SARS-CoV-2 reinfection.
- 3.9% of controls (acute infection) had a documented reinfection.
- A suggestive but not statistically significant lower odds of MIS-C after reinfection was observed (OR=0.067, P=0.064; adjusted OR=0.183, P=0.093).
Conclusions:
- MIS-C predominantly occurs after initial SARS-CoV-2 infections.
- Evidence suggests a potentially lower risk of MIS-C following SARS-CoV-2 reinfection, but this finding was not statistically conclusive.
Related Concept Videos
01:03Rous Sarcoma Virus (RSV) and Cancer
Rous Sarcoma virus or RSV was discovered by F. Peyton Rous in the year 1911 as a filterable transmissible agent that could cause tumors in chickens. He won a Nobel Prize for this discovery in 1966. His experiments clearly demonstrated that some cancers could be caused by infectious agents and led to the discovery of many more cancer-causing viruses in animals as well as humans.
RSV is a retrovirus that contains two copies of a plus-strand RNA genome. Its genome consists of four main open...
RSV is a retrovirus that contains two copies of a plus-strand RNA genome. Its genome consists of four main open...
01:03Rous Sarcoma Virus (RSV) and Cancer
Rous Sarcoma virus or RSV was discovered by F. Peyton Rous in the year 1911 as a filterable transmissible agent that could cause tumors in chickens. He won a Nobel Prize for this discovery in 1966. His experiments clearly demonstrated that some cancers could be caused by infectious agents and led to the discovery of many more cancer-causing viruses in animals as well as humans.
RSV is a retrovirus that contains two copies of a plus-strand RNA genome. Its genome consists of four main open...
RSV is a retrovirus that contains two copies of a plus-strand RNA genome. Its genome consists of four main open...
01:05Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms-SNPs
A single nucleotide polymorphism or SNP is a single nucleotide variation at a specific genomic position in a large population. It is the most prevalent type of sequence variation found in the human genome. Point mutations that occur in more than 1% of the population qualify as SNPs. These are present once every 1000 nucleotides on an average in the human genome. Replacement of a purine with another purine (A/G) or a pyrimidine with another pyrimidine (C/T) is known as a transition. In contrast,...
01:27Cytomegalovirus Disease
Cytomegalovirus (CMV) disease is caused by human cytomegalovirus, a double-stranded DNA virus of the Herpesviridae family. While primary CMV infection is often asymptomatic in immunocompetent individuals, the virus can cause severe disease in neonates and immunocompromised patients. CMV is the most common cause of congenital viral infection in the United States, and a major pathogen in solid organ and hematopoietic stem cell transplant recipients.CMV is transmitted via bodily fluids, sexual...
01:26Factors Affecting the Risk of Infection
The hosts' susceptibility to infection depends on several factors. The integrity of the skin and mucous membranes helps protect the body against microbial attacks. When the skin is altered, the chance of infection, limb loss, and even death increases.
The integrity and count of the white blood cells help the body resist pathogens and fight infection. When impaired, it reduces the body's resistance to pathogens. The acidic pH levels of the gastrointestinal, genitourinary tracts, and skin create...
The integrity and count of the white blood cells help the body resist pathogens and fight infection. When impaired, it reduces the body's resistance to pathogens. The acidic pH levels of the gastrointestinal, genitourinary tracts, and skin create...
00:57Viral Recombination
Cells are sometimes infected by more than one virus at once. When two viruses disassemble to expose their genomes for replication in the same cell, similar regions of their genomes can pair together and exchange sequences in a process called recombination. Alternatively, viruses with segmented genomes can swap segments in a process called reassortment.