Piezo1 contributes to alveolar bone remodeling by activating β-catenin under compressive stress

The mechanosensitive ion channel, Piezo1, is responsible for transducing mechanical stimuli into intracellular biochemical signals and has been identified within periodontal ligament cells (PDLCs). Nonetheless, the precise biologic function of Piezo1 in the regulation of alveolar bone remodeling by PDLCs during compressive forces remains unclear. Therefore, this study focused on elucidating the role of the Piezo1 channel in alveolar bone remodeling and uncovering its underlying mechanisms.

PDLCs were subjected to compressive force and Piezo1 inhibitors. Piezo1 and β-catenin expressions were quantified by quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction and Western blot. The intracellular calcium concentration was measured using Fluo-8 AM staining. The osteogenic and osteoclastic activities were assessed using alkaline phosphatase staining, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction, and Western blot. In vivo, orthodontic tooth movement was used to determine the effects of Piezo1 on alveolar bone remodeling.

Piezo1 and activated β-catenin expressions were upregulated under compressive force. Piezo1 inhibition reduced β-catenin activation, osteogenic differentiation, and osteoclastic activities. β-catenin knockdown reversed the increased osteogenic differentiation but had little impact on osteoclastic activities. In vivo, Piezo1 inhibition led to decreased tooth movement distance, accompanied by reduced β-catenin activation and expression of osteogenic and osteoclastic markers on the compression side.

The Piezo1 channel is a key mechanotransduction component of PDLCs that senses compressive force and activates β-catenin to regulate alveolar bone remodeling.