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Comprehensive review of CRISPR-based gene editing: mechanisms, challenges, and applications in cancer therapy
Mohammad Chehelgerdi1,2, Matin Chehelgerdi3,4, Milad Khorramian-Ghahfarokhi5
1Novin Genome (NG) Lab, Research and Development Center for Biotechnology, Shahrekord, Iran. Chehelgerdi1992@gmail.com.
Abstract:
The CRISPR system is a revolutionary genome editing tool that has the potential to revolutionize the field of cancer research and therapy. The ability to precisely target and edit specific genetic mutations that drive the growth and spread of tumors has opened up new possibilities for the development of more effective and personalized cancer treatments. In this review, we will discuss the different CRISPR-based strategies that have been proposed for cancer therapy, including inactivating genes that drive tumor growth, enhancing the immune response to cancer cells, repairing genetic mutations that cause cancer, and delivering cancer-killing molecules directly to tumor cells. We will also summarize the current state of preclinical studies and clinical trials of CRISPR-based cancer therapy, highlighting the most promising results and the challenges that still need to be overcome. Safety and delivery are also important challenges for CRISPR-based cancer therapy to become a viable clinical option. We will discuss the challenges and limitations that need to be overcome, such as off-target effects, safety, and delivery to the tumor site. Finally, we will provide an overview of the current challenges and opportunities in the field of CRISPR-based cancer therapy and discuss future directions for research and development. The CRISPR system has the potential to change the landscape of cancer research, and this review aims to provide an overview of the current state of the field and the challenges that need to be overcome to realize this potential.
Insights
CRISPR gene editing offers new cancer therapy strategies by targeting mutations, boosting immunity, and delivering drugs. Overcoming safety and delivery challenges is key to its clinical success in oncology.
Area of Science:
- Genomics
- Oncology
- Biotechnology
Background:
- The CRISPR system provides precise genome editing capabilities.
- CRISPR technology holds significant promise for advancing cancer research and treatment.
- Targeting genetic mutations is crucial for developing effective cancer therapies.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review CRISPR-based strategies for cancer therapy.
- To summarize preclinical and clinical trial progress.
- To identify challenges and future directions in CRISPR cancer therapy.
Main Methods:
- Review of CRISPR applications in cancer research.
- Analysis of gene inactivation, immune enhancement, mutation repair, and targeted drug delivery strategies.
- Evaluation of preclinical and clinical study outcomes.
Main Results:
- CRISPR enables diverse therapeutic approaches for cancer.
- Promising results have emerged from preclinical and early clinical studies.
- Significant challenges remain, including off-target effects, safety, and efficient delivery.
Conclusions:
- CRISPR-based cancer therapy presents a revolutionary potential.
- Addressing safety and delivery hurdles is critical for clinical translation.
- Continued research is essential to fully realize CRISPR's oncological applications.
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