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Using meta-learning to recommend an appropriate time-series forecasting model.

Nasrin Talkhi1, Narges Akhavan Fatemi2, Mehdi Jabbari Nooghabi3

  • 1Department of Biostatistics, School of Health, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.

BMC Public Health
|January 10, 2024
PubMed
Summary

A machine learning approach effectively recommends forecasting models for COVID-19 data. The decision tree model accurately classifies time series, suggesting Auto-Regressive Integrated Moving Average (ARIMA) or exponential smoothing state-space model with Trigonometric seasonality, Box-Cox transformation, ARMA errors, Trend, and Seasonal components (TBATS) for future predictions.

Keywords:
ARIMACOVID-19ForecastingMachine-learningMeta-learningTBATS

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Area of Science:

  • Time series analysis
  • Machine learning
  • Epidemiological forecasting

Background:

  • Selecting appropriate univariate time series forecasting algorithms is challenging due to numerous options.
  • Expert knowledge for model selection is not always feasible due to resource constraints.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a meta-learning approach for recommending forecasting models (ARIMA and TBATS) for COVID-19 data.
  • To evaluate the performance of machine learning algorithms in classifying time series characteristics for model selection.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized daily COVID-19 confirmed, death, and recovered case data from 187 countries (Feb 2020-May 2021).
  • Applied Auto-Regressive Integrated Moving Average (ARIMA) and TBATS models for forecasting.
  • Extracted time series meta-features and employed Support Vector Machine (SVM), Decision Tree (DT), Random Forest (RF), and Artificial Neural Network (ANN) as meta-learners.

Main Results:

  • The Decision Tree (DT) model demonstrated superior performance in time series classification.
  • DT achieved 87.50% training accuracy and 82.50% testing accuracy.
  • DT exhibited high sensitivity and specificity in both training and testing phases.

Conclusions:

  • The meta-learning approach successfully predicted appropriate forecasting models (ARIMA/TBATS) based on time series features.
  • The DT model can recommend ARIMA or TBATS for forecasting COVID-19 trends (confirmed, death, recovered cases).