Dual-Polarization Ambient Backscatter Communications and Signal Detection

Ambient backscatter communication (AmBC), an emerging mechanism for batteryless communications that can utilize ambient radio-frequency signals to modulate information and thus reduce power consumption, has attracted considerable attention and has been considered as a critical technology in green "Internet of Things" sensor networks due to its ultra-low power consumption. This paper presents the first a complete dual-polarization AmBC (DPAm) system model, which can extend AmBC into polarization diversity and improve the data-transmission rate of backscatter symbols. We proposed two scenarios: direct dual-polarization-based DPAm node structures and polarization-conversion-based DPAm node structures. In addition, we consider a parallel backscatter mode with differential coding and develop corresponding detectors, which also give the analytical detection thresholds. Moreover, we consider a simultaneous backscatter mode with Manchester coding in order to avoid complex-parameter estimation. To address the power imbalance problem of the DPAm system that arises because the polarization deflection angle would cause the power level to change with different polarization patterns, we also develop a power-average detector and a clustering detector. Simulation results show the throughput performance on each DPAm node structure with each detector, demonstrating the feasibility and efficiency of the proposed DPAm nodes and detectors. Compared with single-polarization AmBC (SPAm), the proposed DPAm node can achieve higher throughput in most cases. Finally, the clustering detector is shown to be more robust to short training sequences and complex environments.