Lightweight Detection Methods for Insulator Self-Explosion Defects

The accurate and efficient detection of defective insulators is an essential prerequisite for ensuring the safety of the power grid in the new generation of intelligent electrical system inspections. Currently, traditional object detection algorithms for detecting defective insulators in images face issues such as excessive parameter size, low accuracy, and slow detection speed. To address the aforementioned issues, this article proposes an insulator defect detection model based on the lightweight Faster R-CNN (Faster Region-based Convolutional Network) model (Faster R-CNN-tiny). First, the Faster R-CNN model's backbone network is turned into a lightweight version of it by substituting EfficientNet for ResNet (Residual Network), greatly decreasing the model parameters while increasing its detection accuracy. The second step is to employ a feature pyramid to build feature maps with various resolutions for feature fusion, which enables the detection of objects at various scales. In addition, replacing ordinary convolutions in the network model with more efficient depth-wise separable convolutions increases detection speed while slightly reducing network detection accuracy. Transfer learning is introduced, and a training method involving freezing and unfreezing the model is employed to enhance the network's ability to detect small target defects. The proposed model is validated using the insulator self-exploding defect dataset. The experimental results show that Faster R-CNN-tiny significantly outperforms the Faster R-CNN (ResNet) model in terms of mean average precision (mAP), frames per second (FPS), and number of parameters.